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Vitamin A
drug data and news
Vitamin A drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Vitamin A | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | A-Mulsal; A-Sol; A-Vitan; Acon; Afaxin; Agiolan; Agoncal; Alcovit A; Alphalin; Alphasterol; Anatola; Anatola A; Anti-Infective vitamin; Antixerophthalmic vitamin; Aoral; Apexol; Apostavit; Aquasol A; Aquasol A Parenteral; Aquasynth; Atars; Atav; Avibon; Avita; Avitol; Axerol; Axerophthol; Bentavit A; Biosterol; Cernevit-12; Chocola A; Codoil, rosinol, rosin oil; Cylasphere; Disatabs Tabs; Dofsol; Dohyfral A; Epiteliol; Homagenets Aoral; Homagenets aorl; Infuvite Pediatric; Lard Factor; M.V.C. 9+3; M.V.I. Pediatric; M.V.I.-12; M.V.I.-12 Lyophilized; Mvc Plus; Myvpack; Oleovitamin A; Ophthalamin; Plivit A; Prepalin; Retinol; Retinol, All Trans isomer; Retinol, all trans-; Retrovitamin A; Sehkraft A; Solu-A; Super A; Testavol; Testavol S; Thalasphere; Vaflol; Vafol; Veroftal; Vi-Alpha; Vio-A; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Palmitate; Vitamin A Solubilized; Vitamin A alcohol; Vitamin A cryst; Vitamin A1; Vitamin A1 alcohol; Vitavel A; Vitpex; Vogan; Vogan-Neu; Vogan-nu; Zineb; Zineb 80; Zinosan N; beta-Retinol; tROL; trans-Retinol; trans-Vitamin A alcohol; alin; asterol; ß-Retinol; 21 CFR 182,5930; all-trans-retinol; A-Vi-Pel; All-trans-Retinol; All-trans-Retinyl alcohol; All-trans-Vitamin A alcohol; Aquasol A (Rx); Del-VI-A; Hi-A-Vita; Nio-A-Let; Retin-11,12-t2-ol (9CI); Retinol, all-trans-; Retinol, all-trans- (8CI); Ro-a-vit; Vi-a; Vi-Dom-A; Vitamin A (Feed); Vitamin A alcohol (VAN); Vitamin A alcohol, all-trans-; Vitamin A1 alcohol, all-trans-; Vitamin A1, all-trans-; [11,12-3H]-Retinol; all-trans-Vitamin A; all-trans-Vitamin A1; retinol (ACD/Name 4.0) | ||
| Indication | For the treatment of vitamin A deficiency. | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Vitamin A is effective for the treatment of Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble substances that are structurally related to and possess the biological activity of the parent substance of the group called all-trans retinol or retinol. Vitamin A plays vital roles in vision, epithelial differentiation, growth, reproduction, pattern formation during embryogenesis, bone development, hematopoiesis and brain development. It is also important for the maintenance of the proper functioning of the immune system. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action |
Vision:Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) is converted in the retina to the 11-cis-isomer of retinaldehyde or 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal functions in the retina in the transduction of light into the neural signals necessary for vision. 11-cis-retinal, while attached to opsin in rhodopsin is isomerized to all-trans-retinal by light. This is the event that triggers the nerve impulse to the brain which allows for the perception of light. All-trans-retinal is then released from opsin and reduced to all-trans-retinol. All-trans-retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinol in the dark, and then oxidized to 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal recombines with opsin to re-form rhodopsin. Night blindness or defective vision at low illumination results from a failure to re-synthesize 11-cis retinal rapidly. Epithelial differentiation: The role of Vitamin A in epithelial differentiation, as well as in other physiological processes, involves the binding of Vitamin A to two families of nuclear retinoid receptors (retinoic acid receptors, RARs; and retinoid-X receptors, RXRs). These receptors function as ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate gene transcription. When there is not enough Vitamin A to bind these receptors, natural cell differentiation and growth are interrupted. | ||
| Vitamin A News (When available) |
Supplement FAQs 17 May 2006 Chill naturally 17 May 2006 Science should solve Africa's malnutrition – Nutritionist 17 May 2006 In Season: Dandelion greens 17 May 2006 Questions and Answers on Fortified Foods 17 May 2006 For something different, try rhubarb in a cake 17 May 2006 Smaller muffins pack a nutritional punch 17 May 2006 Sharp Increase in Food Production and Demand for Low-Fat Foods ... 17 May 2006 GUINEA-BISSAU: 700,000 children line up for shot against measles 17 May 2006 Proper nutrition for children, a national responsibility: Sri ... 17 May 2006 UNICEF Humanitarian Action: Uganda Donor Update 16 May 2006 17 May 2006 New Vitamin A drug may cut breast cancer risk May 5, 2006 Vitamin A drug may help young cancer patients May 4, 2006 Vitamin A Derivative Reduces Risk of Second Cancer in Pre ... May 9, 2006 WIC program aids women, children May 16, 2006 Distribution of Vitamin A Continuing in Nepal Apr 20, 2006 Nepal to distribute vitamin A, de-worming tablets Apr 18, 2006 NEPAL: National vitamin A campaign to proceed despite recent ... Apr 17, 2006 Food Fortification in Africa: A Strategy to Eradicate Vitamin and ... Apr 19, 2006 About 3.7 M children to receive Vitamin A capsules from today Apr 18, 2006 3.7 m infants to receive Vitamin A drops Apr 19, 2006 Cold or flu? May 15, 2006 Parties appeal to support Vitamin A campaign Apr 19, 2006 Vitamin A Programme to be continued Apr 23, 2006 You Are What You Eat May 15, 2006 What's In The Bag? May 14, 2006 Practical steps in preventing the transmission of flu May 15, 2006 Your health begins with vitamin D May 9, 2006 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 83, No. 5, 1217S ... May 9, 2006 Putting children first: Nepal's national vitamin A campaign ... Apr 20, 2006 Feeding The Feet May 12, 2006 Feeding Racehorses May 9, 2006 Nepal: National vitamin A campaign to proceed despite recent ... Apr 17, 2006 Cattle Alert: Plant Poisonings Are Increased In Stressed Pastures May 13, 2006 Five vitamins important for fighting disease May 14, 2006 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 83, No. 5, 1223S ... May 9, 2006 Health experts call for manadatory flour additives May 11, 2006 PanAfrica: Scientists Develop 'Biocrops' to Boost Nutrition May 9, 2006 Children in East Africa risk death from drought-UN May 15, 2006 Health Tip: Why am I Losing my Hair? May 15, 2006 Vitamin Mania: The Truth about Antioxidants May 2, 2006 Vitamin A drug may cut breast cancer risk May 5, 2006 Vitamin A drug may cut breast cancer risk May 5, 2006 | ||
| Dosage Forms | CAPSULE; CREAM; LIQUID; OINTMENT; POWDER; TABLET; TABLET (EXTENDED-RELEASE); WAFER | ||
| Drug_Category | ATC:V04CB01; Anti-acne Agents; Essential Vitamin; Vitamins (Vitamin A) | ||
| Absorption | Readily absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract | ||
| Interactions | Interactions for Vitamin A: Drug Interactions: Women on oral contraceptives have shown a significant increase in plasma vitamin A levels. | ||
| Toxicity | Acute toxicity (single ingestion of 7 500 RE or 25 000 IU per kg or more): Signs and symptoms may be delayed for 8 to 24 hours and include: increased intracranial pressure, headache, irritability, drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, bulging of fontanels in infants, diplopia, papilledema. Peeling of skin around mouth may be observed from 1 to several days after ingestion and may spread to the rest of the body. Chronic, excessive ingestion (1 200 RE or 4 000 IU/kg daily for 6 to 15 months) may produce symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri, anorexia, weakness, arthralgias, bone pain, bone demineralization, dry skin, cracked lips, brittle nails, hair loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hypoplastic anemia, leukopenia, optic neuropathy, and blindness. Increased plasma concentrations of vitamin A occur but do not necessarily correlate with toxicity. | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol | ||
| Chemical Formula | C20H30O | ||
| Molecular Weight | 286.452 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CCO)C)C | ||
| Melting Point | 63.5 oC, 57 oC (Vitamin A acetate), 28-30 oC (Vitamin A palmitate) | ||
| Water Solubility | 0.671 mg/L | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 4.865 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | Hepatic. Retinol is conjugated with glucuronic acid; the B-glucuronide undergoes enterohepatic circulation and oxidation to retinol and retinoic acid. Retinoic acid undergoes decarboxylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid. | ||
| Half Life | 1.9 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | <5% of circulating vitamin A is bound to lipoproteins in blood in normal condition, but may be up to 65% when hepatic stores are saturated because of excessive intake. When released from liver, vitamin A is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP). Most vitamin A circulates in the form of retinol bound to RBP. | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Vitamin_A.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/aquasola.htm http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/vit_0260.shtml | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00486 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 68-26-8 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C00473 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:3756 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA451884 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 518565 |
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