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Pilocarpine
drug data and news
Pilocarpine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Pilocarpine | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Adsorbocarpine; Akarpine; Almocarpine; Ami-Pilo; Amistura P; Beta-Pilocarpine Hydrochloride; Epicar; HSDB 3163; Isopto Carpine; Isoptocarpine; Mi-Pilo; Mi-Pilo Ophth Sol; Minims Pilocarpine; Miocarpine; Mistura P; NSC5746; Ocu-Carpine; Ocusert P 20; Ocusert Pilo; Ocusert Pilo-20; Ocusert Pilo-40; P.V. Carpine Liquifilm; Pilagan; Pilocar; Pilocar Smp; Pilocarpal; Pilocarpin; Pilocarpine; Pilocarpine Chloride; Pilocarpine Hcl; Pilocarpine Hydrochloride; Pilocarpine Monohydrochloride; Pilocarpine Muriate; Pilocarpine [Usan:Ban:Jan]; Pilocarpine, Hydrochloride; Pilocarpine, Monohydrochloride; Pilocarpine-; Pilocarpol; Pilocel; Pilokarpin; Pilokarpin Monohydrochloride; Pilokarpol; Pilomiotin; Pilopine Hs; Piloptic-&Frac12;; Piloptic-1; Piloptic-2; Piloptic-3; Piloptic-4; Piloptic-6; Piloptic-½; Pilostat; Pilovisc; Salagen; Sno Pilo; Spersacarpine; Spersacarpine Hydrochloride; Syncarpine | ||
| Indication | For the treatment of radiation-induced dry mouth (xerostomia) and symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjögrens syndrome | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Pilocarpine is a choline ester miotic and a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound. Pilocarpine, in appropriate dosage, can increase secretion by the exocrine glands. The sweat, salivary, lacrimal, gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal glands and the mucous cells of the respiratory tract may be stimulated. When applied topically to the eye as a single dose it causes miosis, spasm of accommodation, and may cause a transitory rise in intraocular pressure followed by a more persistent fall. Dose-related smooth muscle stimulation of the intestinal tract may cause increased tone, increased motility, spasm, and tenesmus. Bronchial smooth muscle tone may increase. The tone and motility of urinary tract, gallbladder, and biliary duct smooth muscle may be enhanced. Pilocarpine may have paradoxical effects on the cardiovascular system. The expected effect of a muscarinic agonist is vasodepression, but administration of pilocarpine may produce hypertension after a brief episode of hypotension. Bradycardia and tachycardia have both been reported with use of pilocarpine. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Pilocarpine is a cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent. It increase secretion by the exocrine glands, and produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle (when given topically to the eyes) by mainly stimulating muscarinic receptors. | ||
| Pilocarpine News (When available) |
Prostaglandin Analog Improves Results of Selective Laser ... May 3, 2006 | ||
| Dosage Forms | DROPS; GEL; IMPLANT; LIQUID; SOLUTION | ||
| Drug_Category | Cholinergic Agents; Muscarinic Agonists; Miotics; ATC:N07AX01; ATC:S01EB01 | ||
| Absorption | There was a decrease in the rate of absorption of pilocarpine from SALAGEN Tablets when taken with a high fat meal by 12 healthy male volunteers | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Pilocarpine: Pilocarpine should be administered with caution to patients taking beta adrenergic antagonists because of the possibility of conduction disturbances. Drugs with parasympathomimetic effects administered concurrently with pilocarpine would be expected to result in additive pharmacologic effects. Pilocarpine might antagonize the anticholinergic effects of drugs used concomitantly. These effects should be considered when anticholinergic properties may be contributing to the therapeutic effect of concomitant medication (e.g., atropine, inhaled ipratropium). While no formal drug interaction studies have been performed, the following concomitant drugs were used in at least 10% of patients in either or both Sjögrens efficacy studies: acetylsalicylic acid, artificial tears, calcium, conjugated estrogens, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, ibuprofen, levothyroxine sodium, medroxyprogesterone acetate, methotrexate, multivitamins, naproxen, omeprazole, paracetamol, and prednisone. | ||
| Toxicity | Not Available | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one | ||
| Chemical Formula | C11H16N2O2 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 208.257 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CCC1C(COC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2C | ||
| Melting Point | 34 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 1000 mg/ml | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 1.02 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 6.78 | ||
| Biotransformation | Maybe occurs at the neuronal synapses and in the plasma | ||
| Half Life | 0.76 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | Not Available | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Pilocarpine.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/salagen.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00382 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 54-71-7 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C07474 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:65999 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA450962 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2229556 |
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