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Nicotine
drug data and news
Nicotine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Nicotine | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Black Leaf; Black Leaf 40; Campbell's Nico-Soap; Commit; Destruxol Orchid Spray; Emo-Nik; Flux Maag; Fumetobac; Habitrol; L-Nicotine; Mach-Nic; Niagara P.A. Dust; Nic-Sal; Nico-Dust; Nico-Fume; Nicocide; Nicoderm; Nicoderm Cq; Nicorette; Nicorette Plus; Nicotin; Nicotina; Nicotine; Nicotine Alkaloid; Nicotine Polacrilex; Nicotrol; Nicotrol Inhaler; Nicotrol Ns; Nikotin; Nikotyna; Ortho N-4 Dust; Ortho N-5 Dust; Prostep; Tendust; Tetrahydronicotyrine, Dl-; Xl All Insecticide | ||
| Indication | For the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and as an aid to smoking cessation | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Nicotine, the primary alkaloid in tobacco products binds stereo-selectively to nicotinic-cholinergic receptors on autonomic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, neuromuscular junctions and in the brain. Nicotine exerts two effects, a stimulant effect exerted at the locus ceruleus and a reward effect in the limbic system. Itranvenous administration of nicotine causes release of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonine, vasopressin, beta-endorphin and ACTH. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance. Nicotine also induces peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia and elevated blood pressure. Nicotine inhalers and patches are used to treat smoking withdrawl syndrome. Nicotine is classified as a stimulant of autonomic ganglia. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Nicotine binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors leads to a variety of cholinergic and adrenergic effects; tachycardia or bradycardia mediated by either stimulation or interference with sympathetic or parasympathetic pathways, stimulation of receptors in the carotic and aortic bodies, release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla, and stimulation of the chemoreceptor-trigger zone. | ||
| Nicotine News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | Gum, Inhaler, Patches | ||
| Drug_Category | Anti-craving Agents; Central Nervous System Agents; Autonomic drugs; Nicotinic Agonists; ATC:N07BA01 | ||
| Absorption | Absorption of nicotine through the buccal mucosa is relatively slow and the high and rapid rise followed by the decline in nicotine arterial plasma concentrations seen with cigarette smoking are not achieved with the inhaler. About 10% of absorbed nicotine is excreted unchanged in urine. | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Nicotine: Physiological changes resulting from smoking cessation, with or without nicotine replacement, may alter the pharmacokinetics of certain concomitant medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants and theophylline. Doses of these and perhaps other medications may need to be adjusted in patients who successfully quit smoking. | ||
| Toxicity | Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, flushing, dizziness, disturbed hearing and vision, confusion, weakness, palpitations, altered respiration and hypotension. LD50= 24 mg/kg (orally in mice) | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | ||
| Chemical Formula | C10H14N2 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 162.232 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CN1CCCC1C2=CN=CC=C2 | ||
| Melting Point | -79 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 1 g/mL | ||
| State | A colorless to pale yellow, freely water-soluble, strongly alkaline, oily, volatile, hygroscopic liquid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 1.305 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 3.1 | ||
| Biotransformation | Primarily hepatic, cotinine is the primary metabolite. | ||
| Half Life | Cotinine has a half life of 15-20 hours, while nicotine has a half life of 1-3 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | <5% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Nicotine.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/nicotini.htm http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/nic1292.shtml | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00200 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 54-11-5 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C00745 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:148704 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA450626 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2241228 |
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