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Neomycin
drug data and news
Neomycin drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Neomycin | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Biosol; Bykomycin; CCRIS 5462; Caswell No. 595; Endomixin; Fradiomycin; Fradiomycin Sulfate; Fraquinol; HSDB 3242; Lidamycin Creme; Myacine; Myacyne; Mycifradin; Mycifradin-N; Myciguent; Neo-Fradin; Neo-Mantle Creme; Neo-Rx; Neobiotic; Neobrettin; Neofracin; Neolate; Neomix; Neomycin B Sulfate; Neomycin Sulfate; Neomycin Sulphate; Neomycin Sulphate Puriss for Bacteriology; Neomycin Trisulfate Salt Hydrate; Neosulf; Nivemycin; Tuttomycin; USAF CB-19; Vonamycin Powder V | ||
| Indication | For the adjunctive treatment of acute hepatic failure, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and suppression of intestinal bacteria. | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. In addition, some mycobacteria, including the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, are susceptible to aminoglycosides. Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria can also be treated with aminoglycosides, but other types of antibiotics are more potent and less damaging to the host. In the past the aminoglycosides have been used in conjunction with penicillin-related antibiotics in streptococcal infections for their synergistic effects, particularly in endocarditis. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Aminoglycosides like Neomycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes. | ||
| Neomycin News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | POWDER | ||
| Drug_Category | Anti-bacterial Agents; Antibiotics; ATC:A01AB08; ATC:A07AA01; ATC:B05CA09; ATC:D06AX04; ATC:J01GB05; ATC:R02AB01; ATC:S01AA03; ATC:S02AA07; ATC:S03AA01 | ||
| Absorption | Not Available | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Neomycin: Caution should be taken in concurrent or serial use of other neurotoxic and/ or nephrotoxic drugs because of possible enhancement of the nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity of neomycin. Caution should also be taken in concurrent or serial use of other aminoglycosides and polymyxins because they may enhance neomycinís nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity and potentiate neomycin sulfateís neuromuscular blocking effects. Oral neomycin inhibits the gastrointestinal absorption of penicillin V, oral vitamin B-12, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. The gastrointestinal absorption of digoxin also appears to be inhibited. Therefore, digoxin serum levels should be monitored. Oral neomycin sulfate may enhance the effect of coumarin in anticoagulants by decreasing vitamin K availability. | ||
| Toxicity | LD50 = 200 mg/kg (rat) | ||
| Organisms Affected | Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[5-[3,5-diamino-2-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-cyclohexoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol | ||
| Chemical Formula | C23H46N6O13 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 614.644 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CN)O)O)N)OC3C(C(C(O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CN)O)O)N)O)O)N | ||
| Melting Point | 6 mg/mL (as sulfate form) | ||
| Water Solubility | Not Available | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | -9.895 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | Not Available | ||
| Half Life | Not Available | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | Not Available | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Neomycin.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/neopolhc.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00013 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 1405-10-3 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C00384 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:65632 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA450608 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 527750 |
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