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Morphine
drug data and news
Morphine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Morphine | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | AVINZA; Apokyn; Astramorph Pf; Avinza; Depodur; Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride; Diamorphine Hydrochloride; Dulcontin; Duramorph; Duramorph Pf; Duromorph; Epimorph; Heroin Hydrochloride; Heroine Hydrochloride; Kadian; L-Morphine; M S Contin; M-Eslon; M.O.S; M.O.S.-S.R; MS IR; MS.IR; MS/L; MS/S; MSIR; Meconium; Morfina; Morphia; Morphin; Morphina; Morphine; Morphine Extra-Forte; Morphine Forte; Morphine H.P; Morphine Sulfate; Morphinism; Morphinum; Morphitec; Morphium; Moscontin; Ms Contin; Ms/L Concentrate; Nepenthe; O,O'-Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride; Oms Concentrate; Oramorph Sr; Ospalivina; Rescudose; Rms Uniserts; Roxanol; Roxanol 100; Roxanol Ud; Statex; Statex Drops | ||
| Indication | For the relief and treatment of severe pain | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Morphine is a narcotic pain management agent indicated for the relief of pain in patients who require opioid analgesics for more than a few days. Morphine interacts predominantly with the opioid mu-receptor. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, with high densities in the posterior amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical areas. They are also found on the terminal axons of primary afferents within laminae I and II (substantia gelatinosa) of the spinal cord and in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. In clinical settings, Morphine exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. Morphine appears to increase the patient's tolerance for pain and to decrease discomfort, although the presence of the pain itself may still be recognized. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood, euphoria and dysphoria, and drowsiness commonly occur. Opioids also produce respiratory depression by direct action on brain stem respiratory centers. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | The precise mechanism of the analgesic action is unknown. However, specific CNS opiate receptors have been identified and likely play a role in the expression of analgesic effects. The mechanism of respiratory depression involves a reduction in the responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centers to increases in carbon dioxide tension and to electrical stimulation. | ||
| Morphine News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | CAPSULE (SUSTAINED-RELEASE); DROPS; LIQUID; SOLUTION; SUPPOSITORY; SUPPOSITORY (SUSTAINED-RELEASE); SYRUP; TABLET; TABLET (EXTENDED-RELEASE); TINCTURE | ||
| Drug_Category | Narcotics; Analgesics; Opiate Agonists; ATC:G04BE07; ATC:N02AA01; ATC:N02AA04; ATC:N02AA09; ATC:N04BC07; ATC:R05DA01; ATC:R05DA05; ATC:S01XA06 | ||
| Absorption | Bioavailability is ~30% | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Morphine: Use with Other Central Nervous System Depressants: The depressant effects of morphine are potentiated by the presence of other CNS depressants such as alcohol, sedatives, antihistaminics, or psychotropic drugs. Use of neuroleptics in conjunction with oral morphine may increase the risk of respiratory depression, hypotension and profound sedation or coma. Interaction with Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Opioid Analgesics: Agonist/antagonist analgesics (i.e., pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, or buprenorphine) should NOT be administered to patients who have received or are receiving a course of therapy with a proof opioid agonist analgesic. In these patients, the mixed agonist/antagonist may alter the analgesic effect or may precipitate withdrawal symptoms. | ||
| Toxicity | LD50 = 461 mg/kg (rat, oral), 600 mg/kg (mouse, oral). Human lethal dose by ingestion is 120-250 mg of morphine sulfate | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | (5α,6α)-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol | ||
| Chemical Formula | C17H19NO3 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 285.338 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(C=C4)O | ||
| Melting Point | 255 oC (sulfate salt) | ||
| Water Solubility | 149 mg/L (60 mg/mL for sulfate salt) | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 1.472 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 8.21 | ||
| Biotransformation | Primarily hepatic (90%), converted to dihydromorphinone and normorphine. Also converted to morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide. | ||
| Half Life | 2-4 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | 30-40% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Morphine.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ms.htm http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/msc1277.shtml | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00215 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 57-27-2 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C01516 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:148818 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA450550 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2245286 |
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