Levothyroxine drug data and news

Levothyroxine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.

Generic name Levothyroxine
Brand Names/Synonyms D-Thyroxine; Eltroxin; Euthyrox; Iodine; L-T4; L-THYROXIN SODIUM, 99%; L-Thyroxine; L-Thyroxine Sodium; L-Thyroxine Sodium Salt; L-Thyroxine Sodium Salt Hydrate; L-Thyroxine.Na; Laevothyroxinum; Laevoxin; Letter; Levaxin; Levo-T; Levolet; Levothroid; Levothyrox; Levothyroxine; Levothyroxine Sodium; Levoxine; Levoxyl; Novothyrox; Oroxine; Sodium Levothyroxine; Synthroid; Synthroid Sodium; Tetraiodothyronine; Thyratabs; Thyrax; Thyreoideum; Thyro-Tabs; Thyro-Tapbs; Thyroxevan; Thyroxin; Thyroxinal; Thyroxine; Unithroid
Indication For use as replacement or supplemental therapy in patients of any age or state (including pregnancy) with hypothyroidism of any etiology except transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis or primary hypothyroidism resulting from thyroid dysfunction.
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Description Not Available
Pharmacology Levothyroxine (T4) is a synthetically prepared levo isomer of thyroxine, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine is used alone or in combination with antithyroid agents to treat hypothyroidism, goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, myxedema coma, or stupor.
Mechanism Of Action Levothyroxine acts like the endogenous thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4, a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative). In the liver and kidney, T4 is converted to T3, an active metabolite. In order to increase solubility, the thyroid hormones attach to thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin and thyroxin-binding prealbumin (transthyretin). Transport to thyroid hormone receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus then takes place.
Levothyroxine News
(When available)

King Pharmaceuticals Reports Year-End and Fourth-Quarter 2005 ...  Feb 28, 2006
Levoxyl(R) (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) net sales totaled $22.1 million during the fourth quarter of 2005 compared to $21.3 million during the fourth ... - PR Newswire (press release),

King Pharmaceuticals Reports Year-End and Fourth-Quarter 2005 ...  Feb 28, 2006
Levoxyl® (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) net sales totaled $22.1 million during the fourth quarter of 2005 compared to $21.3 million during the fourth ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

KV Pharmaceutical Reports Record Revenues for Fiscal 2006 Third ...  Feb 7, 2006
We are also currently waiting approvals for Diltiazem (Tiazac(R) - Biovail/Forest) and Levothyroxine (Levoxyl(R) - King), which we expect to receive this ... - PR Newswire (press release),

KV Pharmaceutical Reports Record Revenues for Fiscal 2006 Third ...  Feb 7, 2006
We are also currently waiting approvals for Diltiazem (Tiazac® - Biovail/Forest) and Levothyroxine (Levoxyl® - King), which we expect to receive this fiscal ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

GeoPharma Reports 80% Increase in Third Quarter 2006 Revenues; EPS ...  Feb 1, 2006
Revenues continue to expand, driven by sales of veterinary levothyroxine sodium liquid and tablets as well as new products and line extensions launched through ... - PR Newswire (press release),

KV Pharmaceutical Reports Record Revenues for Fiscal 2006 Third ...  Feb 7, 2006
We are also currently waiting approvals for Diltiazem (Tiazac(R) - Biovail/Forest) and Levothyroxine (Levoxyl(R) - King), which we expect to receive this ... - PR Newswire (press release),

The lowdown on thyroid slowdown  12 Dec 2005
Hypothyroidism is usually treated with a daily dose of synthetic T4 (levothyroxine sodium), in pill form. Levothyroxine works exactly ... - ITP.net,

Medication makes sense if symptoms persist  Dec 5, 2005
For both subclinical and primary hypothyroidism, the treatment is simple: a daily dose of synthetic T4 (levothyroxine sodium) in pill form. ... - Charleston Post Courier (subscription),

Low Thyroid Without Symptoms Increases Heart Failure Risk  Dec 7, 2005
Center in San Jose, California, says that this study supports the idea that treating severe cases of asymptomatic hypothyroidism with levothyroxine in patients ... - Epoch Times,

Thyroid problem complicates efforts to lose extra weight  Dec 5, 2005
...to normal. Treatment involves replacement of the deficient thyroid hormone by a synthetic hormone such as levothyroxine. Early symptoms ... - Kansas City Star,

Are your thyroid hormones really normal?  Nov 14, 2005
...therapy. The most widely prescribed drug is levothyroxine, sold as a generic or under brands like Synthroid, Levoxyl and Unithroid. ... - Deccan Herald,

Low Thyroid Function May Equal High Heart Disease Risk  Nov 29, 2005
...the data in these studies would certainly support the idea that the treatment of severe subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine in patients younger than ... - MedPage Today,

Thyroid Condition Associated with Increased Heart Failure Risk ...  Nov 29, 2005
..."The data in these studies would certainly support the idea that the treatment of severe SH with levothyroxine in patients younger than 80 years may be ... - Kansas City infoZine,

King Pharmaceuticals Reports Third-Quarter 2005 Financial Results  Nov 9, 2005
Levoxyl(R) (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) net sales equaled $36.1 million during the third quarter ended September 30, 2005 compared to $23.2 million ... - PR Newswire (press release),

King Pharmaceuticals Reports Third-Quarter 2005 Financial Results  Nov 9, 2005
Levoxyl® (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) net sales equaled $36.1 million during the third quarter ended September 30, 2005 compared to $23.2 million ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

The Thyrotropin Reference Range Should Remain Unchanged  Oct 3, 2005
TSH with thyroid disease probably have minimal thyroid deficiency, without any reported adverse health consequences or benefit of treatments with levothyroxine ... - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,

Evaluation of Reboxetine, a Noradrenergic Antidepressant, for the ...  Sep 23, 2005
...with excision and radiation therapy in 1995, but she had consistently stable thyroid function tests while taking low doses of levothyroxine replacement therapy ... - Psychosomatics (subscription)

Mood Swings  Oct 7, 2005
But the magnitude of the findings was very encouraging. Post: In the study, you administered supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine. ... - Saturday Evening Post,

Topics in Thyroid Disease  Sep 12, 2005
The treatment is levothyroxine to normalize TSH. ... When rhTSH is used, the patient can remain on levothyroxine and will therefore avoid the hypothyroid state. ... - Medscape (subscription)

Lannett Company Reports Fiscal 2005 Fourth Quarter and Full Year ...  Sep 13, 2005
The negative gross profit was the result of increased reserves for short dated inventory, primarily Levothyroxine Sodium, and decreased prices for a majority ... - Black Enterprise,

L-Thyroxine plus Liothyronine in Hypothyroidism  Oct 3, 2005
Replacement therapy with levothyroxine plus triiodothyronine (bioavailable molar ratio 14 : 1) is not superior to thyroxine alone to improve well-being and ... - Annals of Internal Medicine

King Pharmaceuticals Reports Second-Quarter 2005 Financial Results  Sep 9, 2005
Levoxyl(R) (levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP) net sales equaled $41.3 million during the second quarter ending June 30, 2005 compared to $31.8 million during ... - Investor's Business Daily (subscription)

The Thyrotropin Reference Range Should Remain Unchanged  Sep 7, 2005
TSH with thyroid disease probably have minimal thyroid deficiency, without any reported adverse health consequences or benefit of treatments with levothyroxine ... - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,

IVAX to Distribute Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets USP  Aug 31, 2005
...distribute in the United States, through an exclusive licensing agreement derived from another company's recently approved ANDA, levothyroxine sodium tablets ... - Business Wire (press release),

Evaluation of Reboxetine, a Noradrenergic Antidepressant, for the ...  Sep 6, 2005
...with excision and radiation therapy in 1995, but she had consistently stable thyroid function tests while taking low doses of levothyroxine replacement therapy ... - Psychosomatics (subscription)

Thyroid screenings uncover the truth behind symptoms  Aug 28, 2005
Dr. Bowen-Wright prefers Levothyroxine (synthetic T4 thyroid hormone) because it delivers a more constant, steady rate of thyroid hormone to the body. ... - Annapolis Capital,

GeoPharma Reports 1Q FY 2006 Financial Results  Aug 3, 2005
We believe our growth trend will continue going forward, particularly now as we begin to recognize revenues from veterinary levothyroxine sodium liquid and ... - Yahoo News (press release)

Ex-Shelby aide to head drug firm  Aug 3, 2005
Charlotte. The case stems from the sale of some 57 million tablets of a thyroid drug, Levothyroxine Sodium, USP, from 1999 to 2001. ... - Huntsville Times

Insect repellent and sunscreen available together  Jul 20, 2005
...loss. My HMO will only approve generic levothyroxine, but it's not doing the job. What can I do? A. At a recent meeting (May 23, 2005 ... - Daily Press

Clozapine-Induced Allergic Vasculitis  Jul 29, 2005
...upward. Besides haloperidol, his other medications included benztropine, divalproex sodium, lorazepam, trazodone, and levothyroxine. ... - Am J Psychiatry (subscription)

Dosage Forms LIQUID; POWDER; TABLET
Drug_Category Antithyroid Agents; Anticoagulants; ATC:H03AA01
Absorption Varies from 48% to 80%
Interactions -->Interactions for Levothyroxine:

The magnitude and relative importance of the effects noted below are likely to be patient specific and may vary by such factors as age, gender, race, intercurrent illnesses, dose of either agent, additional concomitant medications, and timing of drug administration. Any agent that alters thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, distribution, effect on target tissues, metabolism, or elimination may alter the optimal therapeutic dose of levothyroxine sodium.

Levothyroxine Sodium Absorption: The following agents may bind and decrease absorption of levothyroxine sodium from the gastrointestinal tract: aluminum hydoxide, cholestyramine resin, colestipol hydrochloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, soybean flour (e.g., infant formula), sucralfate.

Binding to Serum Proteins: The following agents may either inhibit levothyroxine sodium binding to serum proteins or alter the concentrations of serum binding proteins: androgens and related anabolic hormones, asparaginase, clofibrate, estrogens and estrogen-containing compounds, 5-fluorouracil, furosemide, glucocorticoids, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, methadone, perphenazine, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, salicylates, tamoxifen.

Thyroid Physiology: The following agents may alter thyroid hormone or TSH levels, generally by effects on thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, distribution, metabolism, hormone action, or elimination, or altered TSH secretion: aminoglutethimide, p-aminosalicylic acid, amiodarone, androgens and related anabolic hormones, complex anions (thiocyanate, perchlorate, pertechnetate), antithyroid drugs, b-adrenergic blocking agents, carbamazepine, chloral hydrate, diazepam, dopamine and dopamine agonists, ethionamide, glucocorticoids, heparin, hepatic enzyme inducers, insulin, iodinated cholestographic agents, iodine- containing compounds, levodopa, lovastatin, lithium, 6-mercaptopurine, metoclopramide, mitotane, nitroprusside, phenobarbital, phenytoin, resorcinol, rifampin, somatostatin analogs, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, thiazide diuretics.

Adrenocorticoids: Metabolic clearance of adrenocorticoids is decreased in hypothyroid patients and increased in hyperthyroid patients, and may therefore change with changing thyroid status.

Amiodarone: Amiodarone therapy alone can cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Anticoagulants (Oral): The hypoprothrombinemic effect of anticoagulants may be potentiated, apparently by increased catabloism of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

Antidiabetic Agents (Insulin, Sulfonylureas): Requirements for insulin or oral antidiabetic agents may be reduced in hypothyroid patients with diabetes mellitus and may subsequently increase with the initiation of thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

b-Adrenergic Blocking Agents: Actions of some of beta-blocking agents may be impaired when hypothyroid patients become euthyroid.

Cytokines (interferon, interleukin): Cytokines have been reported to induce both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Digitalis Glycosides: Therapeutic effects of digitalis glycosides may be reduced. Serum digitalis levels may be decreased in hyperthyroidism or when a hypothyroid patient becomes euthyroid.

Ketamine: Marked hypertension and tachycardia have been reported in association with concomitant administration of levothyroxine sodium and ketamine.

Maprotiline: Risk of cardiac arrhythmias may increase.

Sodium Iodide (123I and 131I), Sodium Pertechnetate Tc99m: Uptake of radiolabeled ions may be decreased.

Somatrem/Somatropin: Excessive concurrent use of thyroid hormone may accelerate epiphyseal closure. Untreated hypothyroidism may interfere with the growth response to somatrem or somatropin.

Theophylline: Theophylline clearance may decrease in hypothyroid patients and return toward normal when a euthyroid state is achieved.

Tricyclic Antidepressants: Concurrent use may increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of both drugs, possibly due to increased catecholamine sensitivity. Onset of action of tricyclics may be accelerated.

Sympathomimetic Agents: Possible increased risk of coronary insufficiency in patients with coronary artery disease.

Toxicity hypermetabolic state indistinguishable from thyrotoxicosis of endogenous origin. Signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include weight loss, increased appetite, palpitations, nervousness, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, sweating, tachycardia, increased pulse and blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, tremors, insomnia, heat intolerance, fever, and menstrual irregularities. Symptoms are not always evident or may not appear until several days after ingestion. LD50=20 mg/kg (orally in rat)
Organisms Affected Humans and other mammals
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-phenyl]-propanoicacid
Chemical Formula C15H11I4NO4
Molecular Weight 776.87 g/mol
Smiles String C1=C(C=C(C(=C1I)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)I)O)I)I)CC(C(=O)O)N
Melting Point 235.5 °C
Water Solubility 15mg/100mL
State Solid
LogP/Hphobicity 4.099
Isoelectric Point Not Available
Biotransformation Hepatic
Half Life 6 to 7 days
Protein Binding [%] 99%
RxList Link RXlist
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Drug Reference http://www.drugs.com/cons/Levothyroxine.html
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/levothy.htm
Drug Type Approved Drug
Accession No APRD00235
CAS Registry Number 25416-65-3
KEGG Compound ID C08212
PubChem ID SID:93081
PharmGKB ID PA450221
SwissProt ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 2245948

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