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Levodopa
drug data and news
Levodopa drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Levodopa | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Atamet; Bendopa; Brocadopa; Cidandopa; DA; DOPA; Deadopa; Dopaflex; Dopaidan; Dopal; Dopal-Fher; Dopalina; Dopar; Doparkine; Doparl; Dopasol; Dopaston; Dopastral; Doprin; Eldopal; Eldopar; Eldopatec; Eurodopa; Helfo-Dopa; Insulamina; L-DOPA; L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine; L-Dopa; L-Dopa for Biochemistry 99+%; Laradopa; Larodopa; Ledopa; Levedopa; Levodopa; Levopa; Maipedopa; Parda; Pardopa; Prodopa; Sinemet; Sinemet Cr; Syndopa; Veldopa; Weldopa | ||
| Indication | For the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Paralysis Agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication, and manganese intoxication. | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Levodopa (L-dopa) is used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier where its precursor can. However, L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the periphery as well as in the CNS, so it is administered with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa, without which 90% is metabolised in the gut wall, and with a COMT inhibitor if possible; this prevents about a 5% loss. The form given therapeutically is therefore a prodrug which avoids decarboxylation in the stomach and periphery, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and once in the brain is converted to the neurotransmitter dopamine by the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by exogenous supplementation of dopamine through administration of dopamine's precursor, levodopa. A small percentage of each levodopa dose crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine. This newly formed dopamine then is available to stimulate dopaminergic receptors, thus compensating for the depleted supply of endogenous dopamine. | ||
| Levodopa News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | Tablets, pink, scored, each containing levodopa 0.1 g | ||
| Drug_Category | Dopamine Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Antidyskinetics; ATC:N04BA01; ATC:N04BA04 | ||
| Absorption | Levodopa is rapidly absorbed from the proximal small intestine by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport carrier system. | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Levodopa: No information provided. | ||
| Toxicity | Oral, mouse: LD50 = 2363 mg/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 609 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1780 mg/kg. | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid | ||
| Chemical Formula | C9H11NO4 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 197.188 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)O)O | ||
| Melting Point | 276-278 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 5000 mg/L | ||
| State | Solid (white to cream crystalline powder) | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | -2.244 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 2.32 | ||
| Biotransformation | 95% of an administered oral dose of levodopa is pre-systemically decarboxylated to dopamine by the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzyme in the stomach, lumen of the intestine, kidney, and liver. Levodopa also may be methoxylated by the hepatic catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme system to 3- O -methyldopa (3-OMD), which cannot be converted to central dopamine. | ||
| Half Life | 50 to 90 minutes | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | High | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Levodopa.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/stalevo.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00309 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 59-92-7 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C00355 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:319587 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA450213 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | Not Available |
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