Lamivudine drug data and news

Lamivudine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.

Generic name Lamivudine
Brand Names/Synonyms 3TC; Combivir; DRG-0126; Epivir; Epivir-Hbv; GR 109714X; HSDB 7155; Hepitec; Heptovir; LAMIVUDINE; Lamivudine; Lamivudine [Usan:Ban:Inn]; Trizivir; Zeffix
Indication For the treatment of HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B (HBV)
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Description Not Available
Pharmacology Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B (HBV). Lamivudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.
Mechanism Of Action Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue and is phosphorylated intracellularly to its active 5'-triphosphate metabolite, lamivudine triphosphate (L-TP). This nucleoside analogue is incorporated into viral DNA by HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV polymerase, resulting in DNA chain termination.
Lamivudine News
(When available)

Food-related anaphylaxis therapy often suboptimal  06 Mar 2006
...experience severe throat, respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms of anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal allergic reaction, do not receive epinephrine and many do ... - Reuters.uk,

Kissing and Peanuts Can Be Deadly Combo  06 Mar 2006
Overall, 74 percent of respondents said they always carry epinephrine, the standard antidote for such allergic reactions, with them. ... - Forbes

Verus Pharmaceuticals Donates 5,000 Twinject(R) Demonstrators to ...  Mar 3, 2006
Twinject, a novel epinephrine auto-injector indicated for the emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions, is the only available product approved by the ... - PR Newswire (press release),

When and how to use epinephrine devices for severe allergy ...  Feb 2, 2006
Moody will also demonstrate how to use two types of injector devices that are pre-loaded with epinephrine, the medication that must be given as quickly as ... - Wellesley Townsman,

King Pharmaceuticals acquires exclusive rights to EpiPen(R) in ...  Mar 2, 2006
...the exclusive rights to market and sell EpiPen(R) (epinephrine injections) in Canada. EpiPen(R) is ... EpiPen(R) Jr. (0.15 mg epinephrine). ... - Canada NewsWire (press release),

A Deadly Lack Of Training?  Feb 27, 2006
...the first responders were trained in recognizing anaphylaxis; and trained to use a device called an EpiPen to administer the life saving drug epinephrine. ... - W*USA 9,

King Pharmaceuticals Acquires Exclusive Rights to EpiPen In Canada  Mar 2, 2006
...announced today that it has acquired from Allerex Laboratory Ltd. the exclusive rights to market and sell EpiPen(R) (epinephrine injection) in Canada. ... - PharmaLive.com (press release),

King Pharmaceuticals Acquires Exclusive Rights to EpiPen(R) In ...  Mar 2, 2006
...the exclusive rights to market and sell EpiPen(R) (epinephrine injection) in Canada. EpiPen(R) is an auto-injector that administers ... - PR Newswire (press release),

Heart of the ER  Mar 5, 2006
No reaction. They injected the stimulant epinephrine straight into his heart muscle. It didn't flinch. "You can stop now," Goldberg said. ... - Philadelphia Inquirer,

Academy adopts pediatric resuscitation guidelines  Mar 1, 2006
Epinephrine should be administered intravenously at doses of 0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg rather than through the endotracheal tube if one is used. ... - AAP News (subscription)

FAAN to Discuss Risk-Taking and Coping Strategies of Teens With ...  Mar 2, 2006
While 74 percent reported always carrying their epinephrine, it also depended on what activities they were involved in. Almost all ... - PR Newswire (press release),

Peanuts at centre of sticky moral dilemma  Feb 19, 2006
Then her throat tightened. She reached for the emergency epinephrine injection she carries to treat her severe peanut allergy, but it had expired. ... - Globe and Mail,

Enzyme offers clue to peanut fatalities  Feb 28, 2006
We have to tell them to remove all nuts from their home, all traces of it, keep EpiPens [emergency epinephrine injectors] everywhere. ... - Globe and Mail,

Be careful what you eat  Mar 2, 2006
Strict avoidance of the offending food is the only way to avoid a reaction. Benedryl and epinephrine can ward off less serious reactions. ... - University Daily Kansan,

ADHD: The new stimulant threat  Mar 1, 2006
The adrenal glands then release noradrenaline and epinephrine (catecholamine hormones) to counterbalance the rapid drop in glucose. ... - Spero News

North County Business Briefs: Discovery Bancorp profits up  Mar 4, 2006
...allergic reaction. Twinject is an epinephrine auto-injector for the emergency treatment of severe allergic reactions. SAN MARCOS ... - North County Times,

Don't wait, use EpiPen, new guidelines say  Feb 23, 2006
The key highlight of the guidelines, released this week, emphasizes the need to inject the drug epinephrine at the first sign of a life-threatening or ... - Toronto Star,

Paladin Reports Record 2005 Fourth Quarter and Year End Results ...  Feb 22, 2006
Paladin's most significant product development in 2005 was the launch of Twinject(R), a novel epinephrine auto-injector indicated for the emergency treatment ... - International News Service,

New national guidelines for treating and preventing life ...  Feb 22, 2006
...will help eliminate confusion and lower risks A key highlight of the new guidelines is the firm recommendation to inject the medication epinephrine at the ... - Canada NewsWire (press release),

Nurses, nurses' aides accused of murdering patients  Mar 2, 2006
Injections of epinephrine made victims' hearts race out of control. Prosecutors say she did it for thrill of creating medical emergencies. ... - Newsday,

Blurred Vision as the only Symptom of a Positive Epidural Test ...  Feb 21, 2006
...the epidural space. After negative aspiration, a 3 mL test dose of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was given. Within 1 ... - Anesthesia & Analgesia (subscription),

The Epidural Test Dose: A Review  Feb 21, 2006
...or either an increase in SBP 15 mm Hg or an increase in heart rate 10 bpm after the injection of 10 (S = 100; PPV = 83–100) or 15 µg of epinephrine (S = 100 ... - Anesthesia & Analgesia (subscription),

Leptin - the answer to obesity?  Feb 27, 2006
...in total energy expenditure, improved muscle efficiency, reduced use of glucose as an energy source and reduced levels of thyroid and epinephrine (all of which ... - Health24.com,

EDITORIAL: Breathless Arrogance at the FDA  Feb 11, 2006
...as one doctor suggested, that the panel's recommendation has more to do with the fact that the active ingredient in Primatene Mist is epinephrine, which comes ... - International News Service,

Mechanism of torpor - hibernation-like state  Feb 7, 2006
...by the same system that controls fight-or-flight responses and further, that it involves the stimulation of receptors for epinephrine (adrenaline) and ... - News-Medical.net,

A nutty world  Feb 21, 2006
She also displays a stunning lack of responsibility -- she can't even take responsibility for making sure that her epinephrine injection kit has not expired. ... - Globe and Mail,

Study: Stress may lead to miscarriage  Feb 21, 2006
...is without knowing more about how they selected their patients or what those patients were doing, I don't know whether having an elevated epinephrine is truly ... - WVLT,

Ingredient for safety  Feb 21, 2006
For instance, some schools are wary of letting children carry epinephrine (adrenaline) injections, which treat severe reactions. ... - Rochester Democrat and Chronicle,

Food-Allergy Related Deaths  Feb 19, 2006
Only three of the individuals were prepared for an attack and had epinephrine (the medication of choice for treating severe allergic reactions) handy. ... - About - News & Issues,

Allergy awareness  Feb 16, 2006
...was serious enough that the mother of two was advised by an allergist to keep all peanut products away from her daughter and have an epinephrine syringe on ... - Westborough News,

Troop 195 leaders learn medical skills  Feb 22, 2006
Practical hands-on instruction included performing CPR, applying and using an AED, administering an epinephrine pen (EpiPen), applying first aid to injuries ... - Westford Eagle,

Allergic to peanuts? Some airlines don't serve them  Feb 26, 2006
...food. Also, remember to pack injectable epinephrine and a doctor's note, so you won't be questioned at security checkpoints. For ... - Indianapolis Star,

Beef Trivia – Questions & Answers  Feb 25, 2006
A: Epinephrine is derived from the adrenal glands and used to treat asthma and allergies; thrombin, obtained from cattle blood is used in helping clot blood ... - CattleNetwork.com,

2 -Adrenergic Receptor Genotype and Survival After Acute Coronary ...  Feb 14, 2006
2 This suggests the possibility of a genetic susceptibility to the ADRB2-mediated adverse effects of raised levels of endogenous circulating epinephrine in the ... - Journal of American Medical Association (subscription),

Playing away can prove fatal  Feb 20, 2006
Negative emotions like tension and anxiety can cause incretory dysfunction in epinephrine and norepinephrine, imbalance in vegetative nervous system and over ... - Shanghai Daily,

WESTERLY SCHOOL BOARD OKS NEW POLICY ON MEDICATION  Feb 17, 2006
...past, the policy specifically permits students, with parental and physician consent, to carry and self-administer their inhalers or epinephrine auto-injectors. ... - Westerly Sun,

Continuous Epidural Block Versus Continuous Popliteal Nerve Block ...  Feb 21, 2006
After general anesthesia, 0.5 to 1 mL/kg of an equal-volume mixture of 0.25% bupivacaine and 1% lidocaine with 1:200000 epinephrine was injected via epidural ... - Anesthesia & Analgesia (subscription),

Leave me not,  Feb 26, 2006
...got butterflies when he saw her, that feeling you get when you're nervous or excited and your body releases stress hormones called epinephrine, leaving you ... - Charlotte Observer,

Symposium focuses on student health issues  Feb 24, 2006
..."Anaphylaxis is a reaction to a food allergy which makes a person have troubles breathing. Epinephrine can save your life if this ever occurs.". ... - Johns Hopkins News-Letter,

The human touch can’t be beat  Feb 23, 2006
...cheap pork. Ractopamine-HCI, the chemical name for Paylean, is a metabolism modifier coming from the epinephrine class of drugs. It ... - Brandon Sun,

Use extra care with bee-sting injection  Feb 7, 2006
The drug is just an injectable form of epinephrine, which is made in the body and completely natural to human life. During an allergic ... - Newsday,

Halozyme Therapeutics and Baxter Release Results From the INFUSE ...  Feb 8, 2006
...consulting appropriate references to determine the usual precautions when considering administration of Hylenex with any drug (eg, when epinephrine is injected ... - PharmaLive.com (press release),

It's just a bite of food for most, but for those with food ...  Feb 16, 2006
His blood pressure plummets. And as his body shuts down, he's too weak to alert anyone. If he doesn't get a shot of epinephrine within minutes, Matt could die. ... - Tulsa World (subscription),

LUNCH PLATE WARNING  Feb 5, 2006
If calling 911 to report a suspected allergic reaction, ask that epinephrine be on the ambulance even though it is standard paramedic medicine. ... - Kansas City Star,

Research Summary: Easier Liposuction  Feb 17, 2006
...liposuction called liposelection, the area of the body that is having fat sucked out is first flooded with a solution that contains epinephrine to reduce ... - abc7news.com,

More Americans suffering from food allergies  Feb 12, 2006
The huge number of EpiPens, injectable epinephrine to treat food allergies, at schools shows the increased number of children with food allergies, Nelson said. ... - LaCrosse Tribune,

Texas Firm Recalls Chicken Egg Rolls Due To Undeclared Allergen  Feb 16, 2006
Persons who have a severe, life-threatening food allergy should always carry, and know how to administer, prescription epinephrine. - Food Consumer,

Dosage Forms SOLUTION; TABLET
Drug_Category Anti-HIV Agents; Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; ATC:J05AF05
Absorption Lamivudine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in HIV-infected patients. Absolute bioavailability in adults is 86% ± 16% for the tablet and 87% ± 13% for the oral solution.
Interactions -->Interactions for Lamivudine:

Lamivudine is predominantly eliminated in the urine by active organic cationic secretion. The possibility of interactions with other drugs administered concurrently should be considered, particularly when their main route of elimination is active renal secretion via the organic cationic transport system (e.g., trimethoprim).

TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg once daily has been shown to increase lamivudine exposure (AUC) by 44%. No change in dose of either drug is recommended. There is no information regarding the effect on lamivudine pharmacokinetics of higher doses of TMP/SMX such as those used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. No data are available regarding interactions with other drugs that have renal clearance mechanisms similar to that of lamivudine.

Lamivudine and zalcitabine may inhibit the intracellular phosphorylation of one another. Therefore, use of lamivudine in combination with zalcitabine is not recommended.

 

 

Toxicity Not Available
Organisms Affected Human immunodeficiency virus
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-amino-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
Chemical Formula C8H11N3O3S
Molecular Weight 229.257 g/mol
Smiles String C1C(OC(S1)CO)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N
Melting Point 160-162 °C
Water Solubility 70 mg/ml
State Solid
LogP/Hphobicity Not Available
Isoelectric Point Not Available
Biotransformation The only detected metabolite of lamivudine is trans-sulfoxide.
Half Life 5 to 7 hours
Protein Binding [%] 36%
RxList Link RXlist
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Drug Reference http://www.drugs.com/cons/Lamivudine.html
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/combivir.htm
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/com1513.shtml
Drug Type Approved Drug
Accession No APRD00681
CAS Registry Number 134678-17-4
KEGG Compound ID C07065
PubChem ID SID:197069
PharmGKB ID PA450163
SwissProt ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 2239194

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