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Insulin recombinant
drug data and news
Insulin recombinant drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
| Generic name |
Insulin recombinant
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| Brand Names/Synonyms |
Insulin precursor; Novolin R (Novo Nordisk) |
| Indication |
For treatment of diabetes (type I and II) |
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Description |
51 residue peptide hormone, covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The protein is synthesized in a special non-disease-producing special laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered by the addition of the gene for human insulin production. |
| Pharmacology |
Used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. |
| Mechanism Of Action |
Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism. |
Insulin recombinant News
(When available) |
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| Dosage Forms |
LIQUID |
| Drug_Category |
Hypoglycemic Agents; insulins (68:20.08) |
| Absorption |
Not Available |
| Interactions |
Not Available |
| Toxicity |
Not Available |
| Organisms Affected |
Humans and other mammals |
| Chemical IUPAC Name |
Human insulin |
| Chemical Formula |
C257H387N65O76S6 >B chain |
| Molecular Weight |
5795.6 |
| Smiles String |
Not Available |
| Melting Point |
81 oC (Khachidze, D.G. et al., J. Biol. Phys. Chem. 1:64-67 (2001)) |
| Water Solubility |
Not Available |
| State |
Transparent, slightly viscous, aqueous liquid |
| LogP/Hphobicity |
0.218 |
| Isoelectric Point |
5.39 |
| Biotransformation |
Insulin is predominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process. |
| Half Life |
Not Available |
| Protein Binding [%] |
Not Available |
| RxList Link |
RXlist |
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| Drug Reference |
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/novolog.htm |
| Drug Type |
Approved Drug |
| Accession No |
BIOD00105 |
| CAS Registry Number |
10/8/9004 |
| KEGG Compound ID |
Not Available |
| PubChem ID |
Not Available |
| PharmGKB ID |
Not Available |
| SwissProt ID |
INS_PONPY (Q8HXV2) |
| GenBank ID |
AY137503 |
| Drug ID Number [DIN] |
795879
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