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Hydrocodone
drug data and news
Hydrocodone drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Hydrocodone | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Bekadid; Codeinone, Dihydro-; Codinovo; Dea No. 9193; Dico; Dicodid; Dihydrocodeinone; HSDB 3097; Hidrocodona [Inn-Spanish]; Hydrocodon; Hydrocodone; Hydrocodonum [Inn-Latin]; Hydrocone; Hydroconum; Idrocodone [Dcit]; Multacodin | ||
| Indication | For relief of moderate to moderately severe pain | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Hydrocodone, a semisynthetic opiate agonist and hydrogenated ketone derivative, is similar to other phenanthrene derivatives, such as codeine. Used as an analgesic, hydrocodone is combined with acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin to treat pain. Used as an antitussive, hydrocodone is combined with phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, guaifenesin, pyrilamine, pheniramine, or chlorpheniramine. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocodone primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as Hydrocodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability. | ||
| Hydrocodone News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | Tablets; Syrup; Liquid mixtures with other analgesics. | ||
| Drug_Category | Narcotics; Antitussives; Analgesics; Antitussives; ATC:R05DA03 | ||
| Absorption | well absorbed from the GI track | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Hydrocodone: Patients receiving other narcotic analgesics, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with hydrocodone and acetaminophen tablets may exhibit an additive CNS depression. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced. The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone. The concurrent use of anticholinergics with hydrocodone may produce paralytic ileus. | ||
| Toxicity | respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, dizziness, ringing in the ears, confusion, blurred vision, eye problems, cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdose, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur. LD50=85.7mg/kg(s.c. in mice) | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one | ||
| Chemical Formula | C18H21NO3 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 299.364 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC3C(=O)CC4 | ||
| Melting Point | 198°C | ||
| Water Solubility | Insoluble | ||
| State | fine white crystals or as a crystalline powder | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 2.041 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | Hepatic; also in intestinal mucosa | ||
| Half Life | 1.25-3 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | As most agents in the 5-ring morphinan group of semi-synthetic opioids bind plasma protein to a similar degree (range 19% [hydromorphone] to 45% [oxycodone]), hydrocodone is expected to fall within this range. | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Hydrocodone.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/hydrocod.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00591 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 125-29-1 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C08024 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:173376 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA449900 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 1916580 |
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