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Hydrochlorothiazide
drug data and news
Hydrochlorothiazide drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Hydrochlorothiazide | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Acuretic; Aldactazide; Aldoril; Apresazide; Aquarills; Aquarius; Bremil; Caplaril; Capozide; Chlorosulthiadil; Chlorothiazide; Chlorsulfonamidodihydrobenzothiadiazine Dioxide; Chlorzide; Cidrex; Dichlorosal; Dichlorotride; Dichlotiazid; Dichlotride; Diclotride; Dicyclotride; Dihydrochlorothiazid; Dihydrochlorothiazide; Dihydrochlorothiazidum; Dihydrochlorurit; Dihydrochlorurite; Dihydroxychlorothiazidum; Direma; Disalunil; Diu-Melusin; Diuril; Drenol; Dyazide; Esidrex; Esidrix; Esimil; Fluvin; H.H. 25/25; H.H. 50/50; HCTZ; HCZ; Hidril; Hidrochlortiazid; Hidroronol; Hidrotiazida; Hydril; Hydro-Aquil; Hydro-D; Hydro-Diuril; Hydrochlorothiazid; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hydrochlorothiazide Intensol; Hydrochlorthiazide; Hydrodiuretic; Hydrodiuril; Hydropres; Hydrosaluric; Hydrothide; Hydrozide; Hypothiazid; Hypothiazide; Hyzaar; Idrotiazide; Inderide; Ivaugan; Jen-Diril; Lopressor Hct; Lotensin Hct; Maschitt; Maxzide; Megadiuril; Microzide; Moduretic; Nefrix; Neo-Codema; Neoflumen; Newtolide; Oretic; Palonyl; Panurin; Perovex; Primogyn; Prinzide; Ro-Hydrazide; Servithiazid; Su 5879; Thiaretic; Thiazide, Hydrochloro-; Thiuretic; Thlaretic; Timolide; Unipres; Urodiazin; Vaseretic; Vetidrex; Ziac; Zide | ||
| Indication | For the treatment of high blood pressure and management of edema | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Thiazides promote water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | As a diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like Hydrochlorothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of Hydrochlorothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. | ||
| Hydrochlorothiazide News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | Oral tablets, various strength | ||
| Drug_Category | Diuretics; Antihypertensive Agents; ATC:C03AA03 | ||
| Absorption | 50-60% | ||
| Interactions |
-->Interactions for Hydrochlorothiazide: When given concurrently the following drugs may interact with thiazide diuretics. Alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics: potentiation of orthostatic hypotension may occur. Antidiabetic drugs: (oral agents and insulin) - dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required. Other antihypertensive drugs: additive effect or potentiation. Cholestyramine and colestipol resins: Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is impaired in the presence of anionic exchange resins. Single doses of either cholestyramine or colestipol resins bind the hydrochlorothiazide and reduce its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by up to 85 and 43 percent, respectively. Corticosteroids, ACTH: intensified electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia. Pressor amines (e.g., norepinephrine): possible decreased response to pressor amines but not sufficient to preclude their use. Skeletal muscle relaxants, nondepolarizing (e.g., tubocurarine): possible increased responsiveness to the muscle relaxant. Lithium: generally should not be given with diuretics. Diuretic agents reduce the renal clearance of lithium and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Refer to the package insert for lithium preparations before use of such preparations with Hydrochlorothiazide. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: In some patients, the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when Hydrochlorothiazide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used concomitantly, the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect of the diuretic is obtained. | ||
| Toxicity | Electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis, LD50=3080 mg/kg (orally in mice) | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 9-chloro-5,5-dioxo-5$l^{6}-thia-2,4-diazabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-6,8,10-triene-8-sulfonamide | ||
| Chemical Formula | C7H8ClN3O4S2 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 297.741 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | C1NC2=CC(=C(C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1)S(=O)(=O)N)Cl | ||
| Melting Point | 274 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 0.7 mg/mL | ||
| State | white, crystalline powder | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | -0.268 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 7.9 | ||
| Biotransformation | Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized | ||
| Half Life | 5.6 and 14.8 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | 67.90% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Hydrochlorothiazide.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/hctz.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00092 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 58-93-5 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C07041 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:9253 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA449899 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2247386 |
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