Epinephrine drug data and news

Epinephrine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.

Generic name Epinephrine
Brand Names/Synonyms ADROP; Adnephrine; Adrenal; Adrenalin; Adrenalin Chloride; Adrenalin in Oil; Adrenalin-Medihaler; Adrenalina [Dcit]; Adrenaline; Adrenaline/Epinephrine; Adrenalinum; Adrenamine; Adrenan; Adrenapax; Adrenasol; Adrenatrate; Adrenine; Adrenodis; Adrenohorma; Adrenor; Adrenosan; Adrenutol; Adrin; Adrine; Aktamin; Alphacaine Hcl W/ Epinephrine; Ana-Guard; Antiasthmatique; Arterenol; Asmatane Mist; Asthma Meter Mist; Asthma-Nefrin; Asthmahaler Mist; Asthmanefrin; Astmahalin; Astminhal; Balmadren; Bernarenin; Biorenine; Bosmin; Brevirenin; Bronkaid; Bronkaid Mist; Bronkaid Suspension Mist; Bupivacaine Hcl and Epinephrine; CCRIS 4812; Chelafrin; Citanest Forte; Corisol; D-Adrenaline; D-Epifrin; D-Epinephrine; Drenamist; Duranest; Dylephrin; Dyspne-Inhal; Epi E Z Pen Jr; Epifrin; Epiglaufrin; Epinefrin; Epinefrin [Czech]; Epinefrina; Epinefrina [Inn-Spanish]; Epinephran; Epinephrine; Epinephrine Bitartrate; Epinephrine [Usan:Inn:Jan]; Epinephrinum [Inn-Latin]; Epipen; Epipen Auto-Injector; Epipen E Z Pen; Epipen Jr.; Epipen Jr. Auto-Injector; Epirenamine; Epirenan; Epirenin; Epitrate; Eppy; Esphygmogenina; Exadrin; Glaucon; Glaucosan; Glauposine; Glycirenan; HSDB 4289; Haemostasin; Haemostatin; Hektalin; Hemisine; Hemostasin; Hemostatin; Hypernephrin; Hyporenin; IOP; Intranefrin; Iontocaine; Isoptoepinal; Kidoline; L-Adrenalin; L-Adrenaline; L-Adrenaline Base; L-Adrenaline Gr; L-Arterenol; L-Epinephine; L-Epinephrine; L-Epirenamine; L-Methylaminoethanolcatechol; L-Noradrenaline; L-Norepinephrine; Levarterenol; Levo-Methylaminoethanolcatechol; Levoarterenol; Levoepinephrine; Levonor; Levonoradrenaline; Levonorepinephrine; Levophed; Levorenen; Levorenin; Levorenine; Lidocaine Hcl W/ Epinephrine; Lidocaine Hcl and Epinephrine; Lidocaton; Lyophrin; Medihaler-Epi; Metanephrin; Methylaminoethanolcatechol; Methylarterenol; Micronefrin; Mucidrina; Myosthenine; Mytrate; Nephridine; Nephron; Nieraline; Nor-Epirenan; Noradrenalin; Noradrenaline; Norartrinal; Norepinephrine; Norepinephrine Bitartrate; Norepirenamine; Octocaine; Paranephrin; Primatene Mist; Procaine Hcl W/ Epinephrine; Rcra Waste No. P042; Rcra Waste Number P042; Renagladin; Renaglandin; Renaglandulin; Renaleptine; Renalina; Renoform; Renostypricin; Renostypticin; Renostyptin; S-2; Scurenaline; Septocaine; Simplene; Sindrenina; Soladren; Sphygmogenin; Stryptirenal; Styptirenal; Supracapsulin; Supradin; Supranefran; Supranephrane; Supranephrine; Supranol; Suprarenaline; Suprarenin; Suprel; Surenine; Surrenine; Sus-Phrine; Susphrine; Sympathin E; Sympathin I; Takamina; Takamine; Tokamina; Tolansin; Tolax; Tolcil; Tolhart; Tonogen; Twinject; Twinject 0.30; Vaponefrin; Vasoconstrictine; Vasoconstrictor; Vasodrine; Vasoton; Vasotonin; Xylocaine W/ Epinephrine
Indication For the treatment of Anaphylatic reactions
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Description Not Available
Pharmacology Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors.
Mechanism Of Action Epinephrine works via the stimulation of alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and a moderate activity at beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
Epinephrine News
(When available)

In 2005 Important Advances Made in Breast Cancer Treatment and ...  07 Mar 2006
That's significant because for at least two decades, the drug tamoxifen has been the gold standard add-on therapy used after initial treatment. ... - eMaxHealth.com,

Study Suggests MPA Is Effective Treatment For Hot Flashes  07 Mar 2006
The effectiveness of the single dose of MPA was similar for cancer patients with or without tamoxifen therapy, and treatment effectiveness also appeared be the ... - Science Daily (press release)

Q&A: Breast Cancer During Pregnancy  07 Mar 2006
Additional chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as therapies such as Herceptin® and tamoxifen, were to be given after delivery, if needed. ... - CancerWise

Phase II Trial Explores Faslodex® After Aromatase Inhibitor  07 Mar 2006
Historically, the most common hormonal treatment for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was an antiestrogen called Nolvadex® (tamoxifen). ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

Bone Effects of Tamoxifen Tied to Menstrual Status  Feb 24, 2006
NEW YORK FEB 23, 2006 (Reuters Health) - Tamoxifen therapy following adjuvant chemotherapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in premenopausal women ... - Cancerpage.com,

Variability in Tamoxifen Metabolism May Explain Differences in ...  Feb 3, 2006
Among postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen, the probability of cancer recurrence was higher in women with a genetic variant ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

Healthy woman's cancer trial intrigue  Mar 5, 2006
...found that women taking the drug were around 40% less likely to be diagnosed with a second cancer in the opposite breast compared to women taking tamoxifen. ... - ic Wales,

Robert A. Weinberg and Angela M. Hartley Brodie Awarded 2006 ...  Feb 28, 2006
Other drugs for the treatment of breast cancer, such as tamoxifen, block estrogen from binding to the estrogen receptors in cancer cells. ... - EurekAlert (press release),

What could be causing my night sweats?  Mar 5, 2006
Other implicated medications include tamoxifen (often used in breast cancer), hydralazine for blood pressure treatment and Sildenafil (Viagra). ... - The Herald,

Aromasin® Improves Breast Cancer Outcomes Without Compromising ...  Feb 28, 2006
Breast cancer patients who switched to Aromasin® (exemestane) after 2-3 years of Nolvadex® (tamoxifen) reported a similar quality of life to patients who ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

change it from life-threatening to  Feb 26, 2006
Prof Rob Nicholson, director of the Tenovus Centre for Cancer Research, in Cardiff, said, "The anti-oestrogen tamoxifen is the most widely used drug in the ... - ic Wales,

The hard yards for cancer  Mar 4, 2006
...through radiotherapy, she took the few extra percentage points of hope for a cure that chemotherapy offered, and continues on a course of tamoxifen to reduce ... - Manawatu Standard,

ExCel Breast Cancer Prevention Study Back On Track  Mar 4, 2006
...“Currently, tamoxifen is the only approved preventive drug for breast cancer, but it has risks of major side effects and alternatives are needed.�. - Medical News Today (press release),

BIG Results and Expanded Treatment Options  Feb 21, 2006
According to results from the Breast International Group (BIG) trial of Femara® (letrozole) versus Nolvadex® (tamoxifen), use of Femara for adjuvant ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

Generalists Equal Specialists in Follow-Up Care for Early Breast ...  Feb 20, 2006
...for follow-up care, including schedules for physical exams, mammograms, diagnostic tests if needed, plus guidelines for patients taking Nolvadex (tamoxifen). ... - MedPage Today,

Select AIDS, cancer drugs to become cheaper  Mar 2, 2006
...price revision are cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside, danazol, daunorubicin HCL, etoposide, flutamide, ondansetron, pacitaxel, tamoxifen citrate, vinblastine ... - Sify,

Public health in the UK: success or failure?  Feb 28, 2006
The introduction of a national screening programme, early surgery and the wider use of tamoxifen and other adjuvant therapy have all played a part, although ... - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Names in the news  Mar 3, 2006
...cancer cells. The drugs are proving to be significantly more effective than the standard breast cancer drug, tamoxifen. The Landon ... - Baltimore Sun,

Results from 76-Gene Assay for Early Breast Cancer  Mar 1, 2006
...to quantify the risk a recurrence in node-negative breast cancer patients and is indicated for women who are hormone-positive and are going to receive tamoxifen ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

Ocular Side Effects Common with Adjuvant Chemo for Early Breast ...  Feb 15, 2006
1999. The women were randomized to receive endocrine therapy with a SERM (tamoxifen or toremifene) alone or with chemotherapy. A ... - Cancerpage.com,

Lessons on breast cancer: Risk, detection, treatment  Feb 10, 2006
If the patient has an ER-positive tumor, she may respond well to tamoxifen (Nolvadex), a drug that works by blocking the receptor site. ... - Charlotte Observer,

Soy Protein Supplement In Treating Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal ...  Feb 5, 2006
RATIONALE: Soy protein supplement may be effective in reducing hot flashes in postmenopausal women who are receiving tamoxifen for breast disease. ... - Community Dispatch (press release)

Healthwrap: breast cancer drug, pregnancy complications and ...  Feb 3, 2006
...tumors can go without a worsening of the breast cancer for a longer period of time if they have surgery rather than hormone therapy instead, like tamoxifen. ... - WTNH,

Treatments help woman with rare cancer survive odds  Feb 5, 2006
Over the course of his career, he'd tried various combinations that included tamoxifen, which blocks the effects of estrogen, a hormone that can fuel rapid ... - Kentucky.com,

Cytogen and Savient Sign Letter of Intent for Marketing of ...  Feb 8, 2006
The first oral liquid tamoxifen in the US represents a new option for women with breast cancer including patients unable to tolerate solid oral dosage forms ... - PR Newswire (press release),

Cytogen Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2005 Financial ...  Feb 23, 2006
...execution of a binding letter of intent to negotiate a definitive agreement granting Cytogen exclusive marketing rights for SOLTAMOX(TM) (tamoxifen citrate) in ... - MSN Money

More surviving cancer -- and facing downside  Feb 20, 2006
Tamoxifen, a drug given to women with a certain type of tumor, can increase the risk of endometrial cancer, strokes and blood clots. ... - Chicago Sun-Times,

Slamming Teflon and PFOA  Feb 22, 2006
...include asbestos, alcohol, certain arsenic compounds, benzene, tobacco smoke, soot, estrogen, mustard gas, radon, ultraviolet light, tamoxifen, vinyl chloride ... - American Council on Science and Health,

Drug May Help Curb Breast Cancer  Feb 22, 2006
...conserving surgery (lumpectomy). Patients with hormone-sensitive tumors were also scheduled to take tamoxifen for five years. Joensuu and ... - WebMD

Intraductal Therapy Effective in Breast Cancer Model  Feb 8, 2006
Dr. Sukumar and colleagues evaluated the ability of intraductally administered 4-hydroxytamoxifen - the active metabolite of tamoxifen - and pegylated ... - Cancerpage.com,

Optimising Herceptin-based Therapy in HER2-positive Metastatic ...  Feb 22, 2006
However, there are a number of trials that will be looking at trastuzumab in combination with hormonal therapy, such as with tamoxifen, exemestane, anastrozole ... - DG News

Adjuvant Docetaxel More Effective Than Vinorelbine for Early ...  Feb 23, 2006
Patients with estrogen-receptor- or progesterone-receptor-positive tumors were also treated with tamoxifen 20 mg per day for up to 5 years, and radiation was ... - Cancerpage.com,

Partner proteins may help estrogen foster breast cancer  Feb 3, 2006
...and lead to a test to identify breast-cancer patients with tumors that are likely to become resistant to hormonal therapies such as tamoxifen and aromatase ... - Innovations-Report,

Relay set for April 21  Feb 25, 2006
ACS grants have helped researchers develop tamoxifen for breast cancer, PSA testing for early detection of prostate cancer and Gleevec for leukemia treatment. ... - Bay City Daily Tribune,

Is it safe to take Femara for breast cancer if I also have ...  Feb 9, 2006
...the Femara will be only marginally effective, you and your doctor may want to consider other medications for your breast cancer, such as tamoxifen (Nolvadex). ... - MayoClinic.com

Concern as breast cancer cases soar  Feb 22, 2006
...“That is because more cancers are found earlier through screening and treatment is improving, particularly with the drug Tamoxifen.�. ... - East Anglian Daily Times,

Stopping US Seniors from Getting Their Canadian Medications, FDA ...  Feb 16, 2006
Mary Dietsche, an 82-year-old breast cancer survivor in Sebring, Florida, was set to get her Tamoxifen drug to prevent the disease from reoccurring, on January ... - PR Web (press release),

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Anologue Prevents Ovarian Failure ...  Feb 8, 2006
Hormone positive patients received tamoxifen. They also reported that 84% of these patients were alive and disease-free. The current ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

Dietary Modification and Risk of Breast Cancer  Feb 8, 2006
8 In women at risk of developing breast cancer, pharmacological interventions with antiestrogens (tamoxifen and raloxifene) can reduce this risk. ... - Journal of American Medical Association (subscription),

Less fat 'doesn't lower heart attack risk'  Feb 8, 2006
...tumours. While unusual, this type of breast cancer is difficult to treat and unresponsive to hormone-blocking drugs such as tamoxifen. ... - Daily Mail - UK,

Gina Kolata  Feb 16, 2006
A. The researchers say that it is possible to affect cancer risk in just a few years - the drugs tamoxifen and the newer aromatase inhibitors exert their ... - New York Times,

Concern over womb cancer increase  Feb 6, 2006
Other factors that increase risk include not having had children, late menopause and the drug tamoxifen, which is used to treat and prevent breast cancer. ... - BBC News,

New Cancer Treatment Targets Breast Ducts  Feb 3, 2006
Sukumar also believes that injecting chemotherapy or preventative drugs such as tamoxifen into the breast ducts may help protect women at high risk for breast ... - Forbes

Rise in uterine cancer in women over 60 - report  Feb 6, 2006
The breast cancer drug tamoxifen also increases the odds of developing uterine cancer, which usually begins in the lining of the uterus called the endometrium. ... - Reuters.uk,

Menopausal changes  Feb 14, 2006
Certain medicines like tamoxifen used for chemotherapy and raloxifene for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis can trigger hot flushes. ... - Malaysia Star,

Eating less fat may lower breast-cancer risk  Feb 7, 2006
...relatively rare, are difficult to treat and associated with a higher mortality rate because they are unresponsive to hormone-blocking drugs such as tamoxifen. ... - RxPG NEWS,

Advice to ward off cancer  Feb 6, 2006
A 2005 report suggested that many women who dismissed the idea of taking tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer because of the drug's possible hazards should now ... - Newark Star Ledger,

Dosage Forms CORD; DROPS; LIQUID; METERED-DOSE (AEROSOL); PAD; PELLET; PELLET (DENTAL); SOLUTION; SPRAY
Drug_Category Vasoconstrictor Agents; Mydriatics; Bronchodilator Agents; Sympathomimetic; ATC:A01AD01; ATC:B02BC09; ATC:C01CA03; ATC:C01CA24; ATC:R01AA14; ATC:R03AA01; ATC:S01EA01
Absorption Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output.
Interactions Interactions for Epinephrine:

Epinephrine should be used cautiously in patients with hyperthyroidism, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. All vasopressors should be used cautiously in patients taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.

Epinephrine should not be administered concomitantly with other sympathomimetic drugs (such as isoproterenol) because of possible additive effects and increased toxicity.

Combined effects may induce serious cardiac arrhythmias. They may be administered alternately when the preceding effect of other such drug has subsided.

Administration of epinephrine to patients receiving cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon general anesthetics such as halothane which sensitize the myocardium, may induce cardiac arrhythmia.. When encountered, such arrhythmias may respond to administration of a beta-adrenergic blocking drug. Epinephrine also should be used cautiously with other drugs (e.g., digitalis, glycosides) that sensitize the myocardium to the actions of sympathomimetic drugs.

Diuretic agents may decrease vascular response to pressor drugs such as epinephrine.

Epinephrine may antagonize the neuron blockade produced by guanethidine resulting in decreased antihypertensive effect and requiring increased dosage of the latter.

Toxicity Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat)
Organisms Affected Humans and other mammals
Chemical IUPAC Name 4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
Chemical Formula C9H13NO3
Molecular Weight 183.204 g/mol
Smiles String CNCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O
Melting Point 211.5 °C
Water Solubility 180 mg/L
State Solid
LogP/Hphobicity 0.256
Isoelectric Point 8.59
Biotransformation Not Available
Half Life Not Available
Protein Binding [%] Not Available
RxList Link RXlist
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Drug Reference http://www.drugs.com/cons/Epinephrine.html
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/epi.htm
Drug Type Approved Drug
Accession No APRD00450
CAS Registry Number 51-43-4
KEGG Compound ID Not Available
PubChem ID SID:261583
PharmGKB ID PA449470
SwissProt ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 710814

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