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Duloxetine
drug data and news
Duloxetine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Duloxetine | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Cymbalta; Domperidone; Duloxetine; Duloxetine Hcl; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Yentreve | ||
| Indication | For the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Duloxetine is in a class of medications called selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) and primarily targets major depressive disorders (MDD) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Duloxetine is also used to treat pain and tingling caused by diabetic neuropathy (damage to nerves that can develop in people who have diabetes). Known also as LY248686, it is a potent dual inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE and 5-HT transport sites. Interestingly, its behavior contrasts to most other dual-reuptake inhibitors. Furthermore, duloxentine lacks affinity for monoamine receptors within the central nervous system. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Duloxetine is a potent inhibitor of neuronal serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. Duloxetine has no significant affinity for dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, opioid, glutamate, and GABA receptors. The antidepressant and pain inhibitory actions of duloxetine are believed to be related to its potentiation of serotonergic and noradrenergic activity in the CNS. | ||
| Duloxetine News (When available) |
Duloxetine Improves Functional Outcomes in Diabetic Neuropathic ... Mar 2, 2006 Duloxetine Reduces Fibromyalgia Pain: Presented at AAPM Feb 27, 2006 Lilly buys back rights to duloxetine for SUI Feb 16, 2006 COMUNICADO: Eli Lilly and Company and Boehringer Ingelheim ... Feb 15, 2006 COMUNICADO: Eli Lilly and Company and Boehringer Ingelheim ... Feb 15, 2006 Painful symptoms in depression: under-recognised and under-treated ... Feb 28, 2006 Study Finds Cymbalta® Was As Safe And Well-Tolerated As Routine ... Feb 20, 2006 Trimipramine for Refractory Panic Attacks Mar 2, 2006 Lilly Won't Pursue Yentreve for US Feb 15, 2006 Study Finds Cymbalta as Safe and Well-Tolerated as Routine Drug ... Feb 14, 2006 Study Finds Cymbalta(R) Was As Safe And Well-Tolerated As Routine ... Feb 14, 2006 Merck Announces FDA Acceptance of New Drug Application for JANUVIA ... Feb 16, 2006 | ||
| Dosage Forms | CAPSULE | ||
| Drug_Category | Antidepressants; ATC:N06AB | ||
| Absorption | Orally administered duloxetine hydrochloride is well absorbed. | ||
| Interactions | Interactions for Duloxetine: Potential for Other Drugs to Affect Duloxetine: Both CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 are responsible for duloxetine metabolism. Inhibitors of CYP1A2: Concomitant use of duloxetine with fluvoxamine, an inhibitor of CYP1A2, results in approximately a 6-fold increase in AUC and about a 2.5-fold increase in Cmax of duloxetine. Some quinolone antibiotics would be expected to have similar effects and these combinations should be avoided. Inhibitors of CYP2D6: Because CYP2D6 is involved in duloxetine metabolism, concomitant use of duloxetine with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 may result in higher concentrations of duloxetine. Paroxetine (20 mg QD) increased the concentration of duloxetine (40 mg QD) by about 60%, and greater degrees of inhibition are expected with higher doses of paroxetine. Similar effects would be expected with other potent CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, quinidine). Potential for Duloxetine to Affect Other Drugs: Drugs Metabolized by CYP1A2: In vitro drug interaction studies demonstrate that duloxetine does not induce CYP1A2 activity, and it is unlikely to have a clinically significant effect on the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates. Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6: Duloxetine is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6. When duloxetine was administered (at a dose of 60 mg BID) in conjunction with a single 50-mg dose of desipramine, a CYP2D6 substrate, the AUC of desipramine increased 3-fold. Therefore, co-administration of Duloxetine with other drugs that are extensively metabolized by this isozyme and which have a narrow therapeutic index, including certain antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs], such as nortriptyline, amitriptyline, and imipramine), phenothiazines and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone, flecainide), should be approached with caution. Plasma TCA concentrations may need to be monitored and the dose of the TCA may need to be reduced if a TCA is co-administered with Duloxetine. Because of the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death potentially associated with elevated plasma levels of thioridazine, Duloxetine and thioridazine should not be co-administered. Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A: Results of in vitro studies demonstrate that duloxetine does not inhibit or induce CYP3A activity. Duloxetine May Have a Clinically Important Interaction with the Following Other Drugs: Alcohol: When Duloxetine and ethanol were administered several hours apart so that peak concentrations of each would coincide, Duloxetine did not increase the impairment of mental and motor skills caused by alcohol. In the Duloxetine clinical trials database, three Duloxetine-treated patients had liver injury as manifested by ALT and total bilirubin elevations, with evidence of obstruction. Substantial intercurrent ethanol use was present in each of these cases, and this may have contributed to the abnormalities seen. CNS Acting Drugs: Given the primary CNS effects of Duloxetine, it should be used with caution when it is taken in combination with or substituted for other centrally acting drugs, including those with a similar mechanism of action. Potential for Interaction with Drugs that Affect Gastric Acidity: Duloxetine has an enteric coating that resists dissolution until reaching a segment of the gastrointestinal tract where the pH exceeds 5.5. In extremely acidic conditions, Duloxetine, unprotected by the enteric coating, may undergo hydrolysis to form naphthol. Caution is advised in using Duloxetine in patients with conditions that may slow gastric emptying (e.g., some diabetics). Drugs that raise the gastrointestinal pH may lead to an earlier release of duloxetine. However, co-administration of Duloxetine with aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids (51 mEq) or Duloxetine with famotidine, had no significant effect on the rate or extent of duloxetine absorption after administration of a 40-mg oral dose. It is unknown whether the concomitant administration of proton pump inhibitors affects duloxetine absorption. | ||
| Toxicity | Oral, rat LD50: 491 mg/kg for males and 279 mg/kg for females. Tremors, convulsions, reduced activity, slow pupillary response, intermittent tremors, rigidity. | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | N-methyl-3-naphthalen-1-yloxy-3-thiophen-2-yl-propan-1-amine | ||
| Chemical Formula | C18H19NOS | ||
| Molecular Weight | 297.416 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CNCCC(C1=CC=CS1)OC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32 | ||
| Melting Point | Not Available | ||
| Water Solubility | Slightly soluble in water | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 5.024 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | The major biotransformation pathways for duloxetine involve oxidation of the naphthyl ring followed by conjugation and further oxidation. Both CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 catalyze the oxidation of the naphthyl ring in vitro. Metabolites found in plasma include 4-hydroxy duloxetine glucuronide and 5-hydroxy, 6-methoxy duloxetine sulfate. The major circulating metabolites have not been shown to contribute significantly to the pharmacologic activity of duloxetine. | ||
| Half Life | 12 hours (range 8-17 hours) | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | >90% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Duloxetine.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/cymbalta.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00060 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 136434-34-9 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:704934 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA10066 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | Not Available |
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