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Disulfiram
drug data and news
Disulfiram drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Disulfiram | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Abstensil; Abstinil; Abstinyl; Accel Tet; Accel Tet-R; Akrochem Tetd; Alcophobin; Alk-Aubs; Ancazide Et; Antabus; Antabuse; Antadix; Antaenyl; Antaethan; Antaethyl; Antaetil; Antalcol; Antetan; Antethyl; Antetil; Anteyl; Anthethyl; Anti-Ethyl; Antiaethan; Anticol; Antietanol; Antietil; Antikol; Antivitium; Aversan; Averzan; Bonibal; Contralin; Contrapot; Cronetal; Dicupral; Disetil; Disulfan; Disulfiram; Disulfram; Disulfuram; Disulphuram; Dupon 4472; Dupont Fungicide 4472; Ekagom Dtet; Ekagom Teds; Ekagom Tetds; Ekaland Tetd; Ephorran; Espenal; Esperal; Etabus; Ethyl Thiram; Ethyl Thiudad; Ethyl Thiurad; Ethyl Tuads; Ethyl Tuads Rodform; Ethyl Tuex; Ethyldithiourame; Ethyldithiurame; Etyl Tuex; Exhoran; Exhorran; Gababentin; Hoca; Hocakrotenalnci-C02959; Krotenal; NCI-C02959; NSC 190940; Nocbin; Nocceler Tet; Nocceler Tet-G; Noxal; Perkacit Tetd; Perkait Tetd; Refusal; Ro-Sulfiram; Sanceler Tet; Sanceler Tet-G; Soxinol Tet; Stopaethyl; Stopethyl; Stopety; Stopetyl; Super Rodiatox; TATD; TETD; TTD; TTS; Tenurid; Tenutex; Tetidis; Tetradin; Tetradine; Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide; Tetraethylthiram Disulfide; Tetraethylthiram Disulphide; Tetraethylthiuram; Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide; Tetraethylthiuram Disulphide; Tetraethylthiuram Sulfide; Tetraethylthiuran Disulfide; Tetraetil; Teturam; Teturamin; Thiocid; Thiophos; Thiosan; Thioscabin; Thireranide; Thiuram Disulfide, Tetraethyl-; Thiuram E; Thiuranide; Tillram; Tiuram; Tts X; Tuads, Ethyl; Usaf B-33 | ||
| Indication | For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Disulfiram produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood produces a complex of highly unpleasant symptoms referred to hereinafter as the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. This reaction, which is proportional to the dosage of both disulfiram and alcohol, will persist as long as alcohol is being metabolized. Disulfiram does not appear to influence the rate of alcohol elimination from the body. Prolonged administration of disulfiram does not produce tolerance; the longer a patient remains on therapy, the more exquisitely sensitive he becomes to alcohol. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied. | ||
| Disulfiram News (When available) |
Disulfiram and Carbimide help patients achieve high rates of long ... Feb 3, 2006 Nalmefene May Reduce Relapse Feb 4, 2006 | ||
| Dosage Forms | TABLET | ||
| Drug_Category | Alcohol Deterrents; Enzyme Inhibitors; ATC:N07BB01; ATC:P03AA04 | ||
| Absorption | Disulfiram is absorbed slowly from the gastrointestinal tract (80 to 90% of oral dose). | ||
| Interactions |
-->Interactions for Disulfiram:
DISULFIRAM SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION IN THOSE PATIENTS REVEIVING PHENYTOIN AND ITS CONGENERS. SINCE THE CONCOMITANT ADMINISTRATION OF THESE TWO DRUGS CAN LEAD TO PHENYTOIN INTOXICATION, PRIOR TO ADMINISTERING DISULFIRAM TO A PATIENT ON PHENYTOIN THERAPY, A BASELINE PHENYTOIN SERUM LEVEL SHOULD BE OBTAINED. SUBSEQUENT TO INITIATION OF DISULFIRAM THERAPY. SERUM LEVELS OF PHENYTOIN SHOULD BE DETERMINED ON DIFFERENT DAYS FOR EVIDENCE OF AN INCREASE OR FOR A CONTINUING RISE IN LEVELS. INCREASED PHENYTOIN LEVELS SHOULD BE TREATED WITH APPROPRIATE DOSAGE ADJUSTMENT. It may be necessary to adjust the dosage of oral anticoagulants upon beginning or stopping disulfiram. since disulfiram may prolong prothrombin time.. Patients taking isoniazid when disulfiram is given should be observed for the appearance of unsteady gait or marked changes in mental status; the disulfiram should be discontinued if such signs appear. In rats, simultaneous ingestion of disulfiram and nitrite in the diet for 78 weeks has been reported to cause tumors, and it has been suggested that disulfiram may react with nitrites in the rat stomach to form a nitrosamine, which is tumorigenic. Disulfiram alone in the ratís diet did not lead to such tumors. The relevance of this finding to humans is not known at this time. | ||
| Toxicity | Oral, rat LD50: 8.6g/kg. Symptoms of overdose include irritation, slight drowsiness, unpleasant taste, mild GI disturbances, and orthostatic hypotension. | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 1-(diethylthiocarbamoyldisulfanyl)-N,N-diethyl-methanethioamide | ||
| Chemical Formula | C10H20N2S4 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 296.543 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC | ||
| Melting Point | 71.5 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 4.09 mg/L | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 4.422 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | Hepatic. | ||
| Half Life | Not Available | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | Not Available | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Disulfiram.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/disulfiram.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00767 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 97-77-8 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C01692 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:4833 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA449376 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2534 |
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