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Cytarabine
drug data and news
Cytarabine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Cytarabine | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | 1beta-Arabinofuranasylcytosine; AR3; Ac-1075; Alexan; Ara-C; AraC; Arabinocytidine; Arabinofuranosylcytosine; Arabinosylcytosine; Arabitin; Aracytidine; Aracytin; Aracytine; Arafcyt; Beta-cytosine arabinoside; Citarabina [INN-Spanish]; Cytarabin; Cytarabina; Cytarabine; Cytarabine [USAN:BAN:INN:JAN]; Cytarabinoside; Cytarabinum [INN-Latin]; Cytarbel; Cytosar; Cytosar-U; Cytosine arabinofuranoside; Cytosine arabinose; Cytosine arabinoside; Depocyt; Erpalfa; Iretin; Spongocytidine; Tarabine; Udicil; beta-Arabinosylcytosine; beta-Cytosine arabinoside; beta-D-Arabinosylcytosine; 1beta-Arabinofuranasylcytosine; 1beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine; 1beta-D-Arabinosylcytosine; 1-beta-D-Arabinofaranosylcytosine; 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine; 1-(beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl)cytosine; 1-Arabinofuranosylcytosine; 1-beta-D-Arabinofaranosylcytosine; 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine; 1-beta-D-Arabinosylcytosine; 1beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine; 1beta-D-Arabinosylcytosine; Cytarabine (JP14/USP); Cytarabine(USAN); Cytosine 1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside; Cytosine arabinoside (VAN); Cytosine beta-D-arabinoside; Cytosine, beta-D-arabinoside; Cytosine, 1-beta-D-arabinosyl-; Cytosine, 1-beta-D-arabinosyl-; Cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside; Cytosine-beta-arabinoside; Cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside; Cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside; Depocyt (TN); Depocyt (liposomal); beta-D-Arabinosylcytosine | ||
| Indication | For the treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Cytarabine is an antineoplastic anti-metabolite used in the treatment of several forms of leukemia including acute myelogenous leukemia and meningeal leukemia. Anti-metabolites masquerade as purine or pyrimidine - which become the building blocks of DNA. They prevent these substances becoming incorporated in to DNA during the "S" phase (of the cell cycle), stopping normal development and division. Cytarabine is metabolized intracellularly into its active triphosphate form (cytosine arabinoside triphosphate). This metabolite then damages DNA by multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of alpha-DNA polymerase, inhibition of DNA repair through an effect on beta-DNA polymerase, and incorporation into DNA. The latter mechanism is probably the most important. Cytotoxicity is highly specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Cytarabine acts through direct DNA damage and incorporation into DNA. Cytarabine is cytotoxic to a wide variety of proliferating mammalian cells in culture. It exhibits cell phase specificity, primarily killing cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and under certain conditions blocking the progression of cells from the G1 phase to the S-phase. Although the mechanism of action is not completely understood, it appears that cytarabine acts through the inhibition of DNA polymerase. A limited, but significant, incorporation of cytarabine into both DNA and RNA has also been reported. | ||
| Cytarabine News (When available) |
Allos Therapeutics Reports 2005 Financial Results 06 Mar 2006 Topotecan/Cytarabine Regimen May Be Effective Alternative for MDS Feb 22, 2006 Clolar® and Low-Dose Cytarabine May Be Effective in Elderly ... Feb 2, 2006 Hepatitis C Treatment for People With Severe Mental Illness Feb 28, 2006 Vion Reports 2005 Year-End and Fourth Quarter Financial Results Feb 28, 2006 Scheduled Combination of Allos Therapeutics' Pralatrexate Plus ... Feb 14, 2006 BioCryst and Mundipharma International Holdings Limited ... Feb 2, 2006 BioCryst, Mundipharma Enter Deal Potentially Worth $190M Feb 2, 2006 BioCryst and Mundipharma International Holdings Limited ... Feb 2, 2006 Clolar® and Low-Dose Cytarabine May Be Effective in Elderly AML Jan 26, 2006 Clolar® and Low-Dose Cytarabine May Be Effective in Elderly ... Feb 2, 2006 Older AML Patients Do Not Benefit From More Therapy Jan 9, 2006 Pediatric acute myeloid leukaemia: accurate prediction of ... Jan 14, 2006 Autologous Stem Cell Transplants: Less Toxic Consolidation Therapy ... Jan 10, 2006 BioCryst and Mundipharma International Holdings Limited ... Feb 2, 2006 Older AML Patients Do Not Benifit From More Therapy Jan 9, 2006 BioCryst, Mundipharma Enter Deal Potentially Worth $190M Feb 2, 2006 BioCryst and Mundipharma International Holdings Limited ... Feb 2, 2006 Lorus Therapeutics reports second quarter results for fiscal year ... Jan 17, 2006 Vion drug given European orphan status in leukemia Jan 24, 2006 Vion Pharmaceuticals Announces Plans to Conduct a Pivotal Phase II ... Jan 31, 2006 Lorus Therapeutics reports second quarter results for fiscal year ... Jan 17, 2006 Vion, Spectrum advance cancer candidates Jan 23, 2006 Vion Pharmaceuticals Receives Orphan Drug Designation for ... Jan 23, 2006 ChemGenex Granted US Patent on Ceflatonin(R)'s Use for Treatment ... Jan 17, 2006 Fresh from the Pipeline: Nelarabine Jan 9, 2006 Advances in treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia Jan 13, 2006 New Studies Identify Advances in Treatment Of Chronic Myeloid ... Dec 10, 2005 Results of Treatment of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reviewed Dec 7, 2005 Surprise benefit of unexpected diagnosis Nov 23, 2005 Long-term remission after autologous peripheral blood stem cell ... Nov 24, 2005 Early Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation Benefits Majority of ... Nov 8, 2005 Vion Reports 2005 Third Quarter and Nine Month Financial Results Nov 9, 2005 Iressa® has In-Vitro Activity Against Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell ... Oct 5, 2005 Lorus Therapeutics reports first quarter results for fiscal year ... Oct 7, 2005 Zevalin® May Substitute for Total Body Irradiation When Combined ... Oct 6, 2005 Oncologic Committee To Meet Nov. 8 On Accelerated Approval ... Oct 7, 2005 High-Dose Sequential Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell ... Sep 13, 2005 Vion Licenses Heterocyclic Hydrazones Sep 26, 2005 Lorus Announces Steering Committee Review of US NCI Sponsored GTI ... Sep 13, 2005 High-Dose Sequential Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell ... 08 Sep 2005 Vion to Present at Bear Stearns Healthcare Conference 08 Sep 2005 Lorus and Ohio State University to collaborate on acute myeloid ... Sep 7, 2005 CLAG-M Regimen Effective in Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Sep 2, 2005 Survival and Response to Treatment Among Elderly Patients with ... Aug 15, 2005 Eloxatin® Active in Patients with Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s ... Aug 4, 2005 Cyclophosphamide, Cytosar® and Methotrexate Regimen Followed by ... Jul 26, 2005 Orphan Drug Approvals: Bronchitol, Prestara, GTI-2040 Jul 27, 2005 New Regimen Effective for Relapsed Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Jul 18, 2005 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient Treated ... Jul 27, 2005 | ||
| Dosage Forms | injectable solution | ||
| Drug_Category | Immunosuppressive Agents; Antivirals; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; ATC:L01BC01 | ||
| Absorption | less than 20% of the orally administered dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract | ||
| Interactions | Reversible decreases in steady-state plasma digoxin concentrations and renal glycoside excretion were observed in patients receiving beta-acetyl digoxin and chemotherapy regimens containing cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone with or without cytarabine or procarbazine. Steady state plasma digitoxin concentrations did not appear to change. Therefore, monitoring of plasma digoxin levels may be indicated in patients receiving similar combination chemotherapy regimens. The utilization of digitoxin for such patients may be considered as an alternative. Also flucytosine. | ||
| Toxicity | A cytarabine syndrome -It is characterized by fever, myalgia, bone pain, occasionally chest pain, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, and malaise | ||
| Organisms Affected | Not Available | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 4-amino-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | ||
| Chemical Formula | C9H13N3O5 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 243.217 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O | ||
| Melting Point | 212-213°C | ||
| Water Solubility | freely soluble | ||
| State | solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | -2.712 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | hepatic | ||
| Half Life | 10 minutes | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | 13% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Cytarabine.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/cytarabine.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00499 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 147-94-4 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C02961 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:311429 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | Not Available | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2167883 |
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