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Chlorothiazide
drug data and news
Chlorothiazide drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Chlorothiazide | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Aldoclor; Alurene; CT; Chloriazid; Chlorosal; Chlorothiazid; Chlorothiazide; Chlorthiazide; Chlortiazid; Chlorurit; Chlotride; Chlrosal; Clotride; Diupres; Diuresal; Diuril; Diuril Boluses; Diuril Lyovac [As Sodium Salt]; Diurilix; Diurite; Diutrid; Esidrix; Flumen; Hydro-D; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hydrochlorothiazide Intensol; Hydrodiuril; Lyovac Diuril [As Sodium Salt]; Microzide; Minzil; Neo-Dema; Oretic; Salisan; Salunil; Saluretil; Saluric; Sk-Chlorothiazide; Thiazide; Urinex; Warduzide; Yadalan; Zide | ||
| Indication | Chlorothiazide is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. It is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension. | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Like other thiazides, chlorothiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). It inhibits Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. Chlorothiazide affects the distal renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. At maximal therapeutic dosages, all thiazides are approximately equal in their diuretic efficacy. Chlorothiazide increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. Natriuresis may be accompanied by some loss of potassium and bicarbonate. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | As a diuretic, chlorothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like chlorothiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of chlorothiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle. | ||
| Chlorothiazide News (When available) |
The importance of coenzyme Q10 Feb 19, 2006 | ||
| Dosage Forms | TABLET (250, 500 mg) | ||
| Drug_Category | Diuretics, Thiazide; Antihypertensive Agents; ATC:C03AA03; ATC:C03AA04 | ||
| Absorption | Not Available | ||
| Interactions | Interactions for Chlorothiazide: When given concurrently the following drugs may interact with thiazide diuretics. - Alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics: Potentiation of otthostatic hypotension may occur. - Antidiabetic drugs: (Oral agents and insulin) Dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic drug may be required. - Other antihypertensive drugs: Additive effect or potentiation. - Cholestyramine and colestipol resins: Cholestytamine and colestipol resins have the potential of binding thiazide diuretics and reducing diuretic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. - Corticosteroids, ACTH: Intensified electrolyte depletion, particularly hypokalemia. - Pressor amines (e.g., norepinephrine): Possible decreased response to pressor amines but not sufficient to preclude their use. - Skeletal muscle relaxants, nondepolarizing (e.g., tubocurarine): Possible increased responsiveness to the muscle relaxant. - Lithium: Generally should not be given with diuretics. Diuretic agents reduce the renal clearance of lithium and add a high risk of lithium toxicity. Refer to the package insert for lithium preparations before use of such preparations with chlorothiazide. - Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: In some patients, the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent can reduce the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of loop, potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics. Therefore, when chlorothiazide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used concomitantly, the patient should be observed closely to determine if the desired effect of the diuretic is obtained. - Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions: Thiazides should be discontinued before carrying out tests for parathyroid function. | ||
| Toxicity | Oral, rat LD50: > 10 g/kg. Signs of overdose include those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias. | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 9-chloro-5,5-dioxo-5$l^{6}-thia-2,4-diazabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-3,6,8,10-tetraene-8-sulfonamide | ||
| Chemical Formula | C7H6ClN3O4S2 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 295.725 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | C1=C2C(=CC(=C1Cl)S(=O)(=O)N)S(=O)(=O)N=CN2 | ||
| Melting Point | 350 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 266 mg/L | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 0.549 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 6.85 | ||
| Biotransformation | Chlorothiazide is not metabolized but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. | ||
| Half Life | 45-120 minutes | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | Not Available | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Chlorothiazide.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/chloroth.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00721 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 58-94-6 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C07461 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:9664 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA448953 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 231169 |
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