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Caffeine
drug data and news
Caffeine drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Caffeine | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Acetaminophen; Alert-Pep; Anoquan; Butal Compound; Butalbital; Butalbital Compound; CFF; Cafamil; Cafcit; Cafecon; Cafeina; Cafergot; Caffedrine; Caffedrine Caplets; Caffein; Caffeine; Caffeine Pure; Caffeine, Anhydrous; Caffeine, Monohydrate; Caffeine, Synthetic; Caffine; Cafipel; Coffein; Coffeine; Compound 65; Darvon Compound; Darvon Compound-65; Dasin; Dexitac; Dexitac Stay Alert Stimulant; Dhc Plus; Diurex; Durvitan; Eldiatric C; Enerjets; Ercatab; Esgic; Esgic-Plus; Femcet; Fioricet; Fiorinal; Guaranine; Hycomine; Invagesic; Invagesic Forte; Keep Alert; Kofein; Koffein; Lanorinal; Mateina; Maximum Strength Snapback Stimulant Powders; Medigesic Plus; Methyltheobromide; Methyltheobromine; Migergot; Miudol; Monomethyl Derivative of Theophylline; NCI-C02733; NSC 5036; Natural Caffeinum; Nix Nap; No-Doz; Nodaca; Nodoz Maximum Strength Caplets; Norgesic; Norgesic Forte; Organex; Orphengesic; Orphengesic Forte; Pep-Back; Phensal; Propoxyphene Compound 65; Propoxyphene Compound-65; Quick Pep; Refresh'n; Sk 65 Compound; Stim; Synalgos-Dc; Thein; Theine; Theobromine Me; Theophylline Me; Triad; Ultra Pep-Back; Vivarin; Wake-Up; Wigraine | ||
| Indication | For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants. | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Caffeine, a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline, is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates with apnea of prematurity). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other headache types. Over the counter, caffeine is available to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. It is now thought that xanthines such as caffeine act as agonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake. | ||
| Caffeine News (When available) |
Caffeine Awareness Month Helps Santa Rosa Residents Reduce ... 06 Mar 2006 Biochemistry of Caffeine on Stress Response 06 Mar 2006 Caffeine with attitude coming to Five Points 06 Mar 2006 Use trendy energy drinks wisely, nutritionists warn 06 Mar 2006 Sports Nutrition 06 Mar 2006 BooKoo battling for bev biz bucks 06 Mar 2006 Fresh Idea: Beating The Breakfast Blues 06 Mar 2006 Study says restless leg syndrome is common 06 Mar 2006 California mayors sign off on caffeine war Feb 27, 2006 Saliva used to measure caffeine effects Mar 2, 2006 Artist's Caffeine Buzz at Moore College Mar 1, 2006 Daily grind makes us a caffeine nation Feb 27, 2006 Caffeine: Moody's run boosts Coffeeville Mar 1, 2006 Health Alert: Teens and caffeine Feb 28, 2006 Caffeine slows the flow: Avoid java before the gym Mar 1, 2006 caffeine-free vs. happily hooked Feb 19, 2006 Soldiers embrace caffeine boost Feb 19, 2006 Wean off the caffeine machine Feb 20, 2006 Washington Mayor Proclaims March “National Caffeine Awareness ... Feb 21, 2006 Kick caffeine habit with coffee substitutes Feb 24, 2006 What's bubbly, green and full of caffeine? This student's (latest) ... Feb 24, 2006 'The Fountain of Youth' We've All Been Waiting For: New Anti-aging ... Mar 4, 2006 Huntsville Mayor's Declaration: Cut Down on Caffeine Feb 27, 2006 San Diego Sans Caffeine Mar 1, 2006 Health Tip: Caffeine Is No Weight-Loss Solution Feb 13, 2006 Nutrition Wise: Caffeine, Nutrition Counseling Insurance, Grits Feb 14, 2006 Local Mayor Declares Caffeine Awareness Month Feb 9, 2006 Red Bull hit by retailer ban over caffeine content Feb 6, 2006 City of Chino Goes On Caffeine Alert Feb 24, 2006 Third Times the Charm as Nebraska Proclaims Caffeine Awareness ... Feb 16, 2006 Study shows caffeine restricts blood flow at altitude Feb 6, 2006 Caffeine intake causes health problems Feb 14, 2006 Teens mix up their caffeine intake Feb 3, 2006 Researchers discover caffeine limits blood flow to the heart ... Feb 9, 2006 Caffeine may help improve short-term memory Feb 17, 2006 Health Tip: Signs You've Had Too Much Caffeine Feb 15, 2006 Time for some audio caffeine Feb 14, 2006 Energy in a can? Liquid pick-me-ups flowing in popularity Mar 3, 2006 Caffeine Awareness Month Brewing in the South Feb 13, 2006 Another City in Texas is Nixing Caffeine Feb 11, 2006 Rosy alternative for caffeine addicts Feb 7, 2006 Caffeine Gum for Troops Helps with Alertness Feb 1, 2006 Caffeine Gum for Troops Helps With Alertness Jan 31, 2006 Consumers won't give up their caffeine fix - Caffe Nero results ... Feb 2, 2006 Texarkana restaurant scene sees comings and goings Mar 5, 2006 | ||
| Dosage Forms | CAPSULE; DROPS; LIQUID; PILL; TABLET | ||
| Drug_Category | Central Nervous System Stimulants; Anorexigenic Agents; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; ATC:N06BC01 | ||
| Absorption | Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration. The peak plasma level for caffeine range from 6-10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. | ||
| Interactions |
Interactions for Caffeine: Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is known to be the major enzyme involved in the metabolism of caffeine. Therefore, caffeine has the potential to interact with drugs that are substrates for CYP1A2, inhibit CYP1A2, or induce CYP1A2. Few data exist on drug interactions with caffeine in preterm neonates. Based on adult data, lower doses of caffeine may be needed following coadministration of drugs which are reported to decrease caffeine elimination (e.g., cimetidine and ketoconazole) and higher caffeine doses may be needed following coadministration of drugs that increase caffeine elimination (e.g., phenobarbital and phenytoin). Caffeine administered concurrently with ketoprofen reduced the urine volume in 4 healthy volunteers. The clinical significance of this interaction in preterm neonates is not known. Interconversion between caffeine and theophylline has been reported in preterm neonates. The concurrent use of these drugs is not recommended. | ||
| Toxicity | Oral, mouse LD50: 127 mg/kg | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione | ||
| Chemical Formula | C8H10N4O2 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 194.191 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C | ||
| Melting Point | 238 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 22 mg/ml | ||
| State | Solid (odorless white crystalline powder or granule) | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | -0.07 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | 10.4 | ||
| Biotransformation | Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP 1A2) is involved in caffeine biotransformation. About 80% of a dose of caffeine is metabolized to paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), 10% to theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and 4% to theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine). | ||
| Half Life | 3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonates | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | 36% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Caffeine.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/caffeine.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00673 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 58-08-2 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C07481 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:148854 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA448710 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2241831 |
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