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Alprazolam
drug data and news
Alprazolam drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Alprazolam | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Alplax; Alprazolam; Alpronax; Bestrol; Cassadan; Constan; D 65MT; Esparon; Frontal; Intensol; Niravam; TUS-1; Tafil; Trankimazin; Tranquinal; Xanax; Xanax Xr; Xanor | ||
| Indication | For the treatment or management of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine, is used to treat panic disorder and anxiety disorder. Unlike chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, and prazepam, alprazolam has a shorter half-life and yields metabolites with minimal activity. Like other triazolo benzodiazepines such as triazolam, alprazolam may have significant drug interactions involving the hepatic cytochrome P-450 3A4 isoenzyme. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell. | ||
| Alprazolam News (When available) |
Novartis files combo blood pressure drug in EU Mar 3, 2006 UPDATE 2-Novartis files 2-in-1 blood pressure pill in EU Mar 3, 2006 Clinical Trials Update: Feb. 13, 2006 Feb 13, 2006 Insurers get between doc, his patients Feb 26, 2006 Pfizer's Lipitor Keeps Top Spot Even as Growth Slows (Update1) Feb 15, 2006 Glaxo: Healthy Drugmaker Feb 8, 2006 Generics Expected to Take Bigger Bite From Top-Selling Drugs ... Feb 16, 2006 Novartis, Serono Suitor, Relies on Diovan for Earnings Growth Jan 17, 2006 (PZ) Novartis Delivers Strong Performance with Record Results in ... Jan 18, 2006 Novartis 4th-Qtr Net Unchanged; Shares Tumble (Update6) Jan 19, 2006 Novartis 4th-Quarter Net Unchanged on Higher Costs (Update2) Jan 18, 2006 Novartis 4th-Quarter Net Unchanged on Higher Costs (Update3) Jan 19, 2006 Acquisition Costs Jan 18, 2006 Novartis Q4 net down slightly on impairment charges; sees record ... Jan 18, 2006 Record results for Novartis in 2005 Jan 18, 2006 Novartis' Rasilez faces barriers to entry Jan 19, 2006 Novartis sales rise but earnings are muted Jan 19, 2006 Novartis sees record '06 after 18 pct Q4 sales rise Jan 18, 2006 Novartis profit hit by one-offs Jan 18, 2006 UPDATE 1-Novartis Q4 sales up 18 pct, profit hit Jan 18, 2006 Novartis sales up 18 percent Jan 18, 2006 Novartis Q4 sales up 18 pct, profit hit Jan 18, 2006 UPDATE 2-Novartis sees record '06 after 18 pct Q4 sales rise Jan 18, 2006 UPDATE 5-Muted outlook hits Novartis stock, sales rise Jan 19, 2006 Novartis' 4Q Profit Flat on Charges Jan 19, 2006 Drug firm Novartis's fourth-quarter profits virtually flat on one ... Jan 19, 2006 Novartis Q4 sales up 18 pct, profit hit by one-offs Jan 18, 2006 Novartis profit hit by one-offs Jan 18, 2006 Novartis Q4 sales increase by 18% Jan 19, 2006 Novartis 4Q net profit virtually flat Jan 19, 2006 Novartis says fourth quarter net income stalled on acquisition ... Jan 19, 2006 Muted outlook hits Novartis stock, sales rise Jan 19, 2006 Pfizer fourth-quarter profit slips 3 percent Jan 20, 2006 Morgan Stanley On Pharma Amid Medicare Change Jan 17, 2006 Erratic Heart Rate Jan 23, 2006 Muted outlook hits Novartis stock, sales rise Jan 19, 2006 Novartis Q4 sales up 18 pct, profit hit Jan 18, 2006 Pfizer 4Q Profit Slips Nearly 3 Percent Jan 19, 2006 Pfizer, Novartis Profits Stall as Demand Slows for Older Drugs Jan 19, 2006 Glaxo, Logitech, LVMH, Novartis, Shire: European Equity Preview Jan 18, 2006 Novartis says on track with key new drug filings Jan 19, 2006 Sales Advance at Novartis Jan 19, 2006 Novartis profit flat, charges pressure Jan 19, 2006 Novartis net flat in fourth quarter Jan 19, 2006 Novartis Marches On Jan 19, 2006 Energized investors give stocks boost Jan 20, 2006 Business briefs Jan. 20 Jan 19, 2006 Novartis posts record 2005 figures but earnings disappoint Jan 20, 2006 Updates, advisories and surprises Jan 19, 2006 Novartis' sales climb 14% in fourth quarter Jan 19, 2006 Glaxo: Healthy Drugmaker Feb 8, 2006 NAVIGATOR data presented at American Heart Association's ... Nov 16, 2005 NAVIGATOR Data Presented at American Heart Association's ... Nov 16, 2005 Proven alive but still pensionless Dec 7, 2005 Clinical Trials Update: Dec. 1, 2005 Dec 1, 2005 Drugs in Developement Nov 15, 2005 Pharma Reformulates Dec 5, 2005 Heart drugs pretty effective Nov 18, 2005 Test drive shows she'll likely save money Nov 13, 2005 3 New Products Among Most Promoted to Managed Care Pharmacy ... Nov 29, 2005 Pfizer Japan Surveys Doctors on Blood Pressure Control Nov 9, 2005 Men spared side effect from pain reliever Nov 10, 2005 Pfizer's Troubles Pull Down Drugmakers Nov 21, 2005 | ||
| Dosage Forms | TABLET | ||
| Drug_Category | Anti-anxiety Agents; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Benzodiazepines; GABA Modulators; | ||
| Absorption | Following oral administration Benzodiazepines are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, usually within 1 to 2 hours. Following intramuscular administration _ Lorazepam absorption is rapid and complete, whereas chlordiazepoxide and diazepam absorption may be slow and erratic, depending upon the site of administration . When diazepam is injected into the deltoid muscle, absorption is usually rapid and complete . Following rectal administration _ Absorption of diazepam rectal solution and rectal gel is rapid. | ||
| Interactions |
-->Interactions for Alprazolam: The benzodiazepines, including alprazolam, produce additive CNS depressant effects when co-administered with other psychotropic medications, anticonvulsants, antihistaminics, ethanol, and other drugs which themselves produce CNS depression. The steady state plasma concentrations of imipramine and desipramine have been reported to be increased an average of 31% and 20%, respectively, by the concomitant administration of alprazolam tablets in doses up to 4 mg/day. The clinical significance of these changes is unknown. Drugs That Inhibit Alprazolam Metabolism Via Cytochrome P450 3A: The initial step in alprazolam metabolism is hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A). Drugs which inhibit this metabolic pathway may have a profound effect on the clearance of alprazolam . Drugs Demonstrated to be CYP 3A Inhibitors of Possible Clinical Significance on the Basis of Clinical Studies Involving Alprazolam (caution is recommended during coadministration with alprazolam):
Drugs and other substances demonstrated to be CYP 3A inhibitors on the basis of clinical studies involving benzodiazepines metabolized similarly to alprazolam or on the basis of in vitro studies with alprazolam or other benzodiazepines (caution is recommended during coadministration with alprazolam): Available data from clinical studies of benzodiazepines other than alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction with alprazolam for the following: diltiazem, isoniazid, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, and grapefruit juice. Data from in vitro studies of alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction with alprazolam for the following: sertraline and paroxetine. Data from in vitro studies of benzodiazepines other than alprazolam suggest a possible drug interaction for the following: ergotamine, cyclosporine, amiodarone, nicardipine, and nifedipine. Caution is recommended during the coadministration of any of these with alprazolam. | ||
| Toxicity | Confusion, coma, impaired coordination, sleepiness, slowed reaction time. | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine | ||
| Chemical Formula | C17H13ClN4 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 308.765 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CC1=NN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4 | ||
| Melting Point | 228-228.5 °C | ||
| Water Solubility | 40 mg/L at pH 7, 12 mg/mL at pH 1.2 | ||
| State | Solid, white to off-white crystalline powder | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 4.251 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | Hepatic | ||
| Half Life | 6.3-26.9 hours (average = 11.2 hrs) | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | 80% | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Alprazolam.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/alpraz.htm http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/xan1491.shtml http://www.pharmgkb.org/views/index.jsp?objId= | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00280 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 28981-97-7 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C06817 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:176116 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA448333 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] |
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