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Albuterol
drug data and news
Albuterol drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Albuterol | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | AH 3365; Accuneb; Aerolin; Albuterol; Albuterol Sulfate; Albuterol Sulfate Hfa; Asmaven; Broncovaleas; Cetsim; Cobutolin; Ecovent; Loftan; Proventil; Proventil Inhaler; Proventil-Hfa; Rotahaler; Salbulin; Salbutamol; Salbutamol Free Base; Salbutamol Sulfate; Salbutamol Sulphate; Salbutard; Salbutine; Salbuvent; Solbutamol; Sultanol; Venetlin; Ventalin Inhaler; Ventolin; Ventolin Hfa; Ventolin Inhaler; Ventolin Rotacaps; Volma; Volmax; Xopenex; Xopenex Hfa | ||
| Indication | For relief and prevention of bronchospasm due to asthma; Emphysema; Chronic bronchitis | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Albuterol, a moderately selective beta(2)-receptor agonist similar in structure to terbutaline, is widely used as a bronchodilator to manage asthma and other chronic obstructive airway diseases. The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Albuterol is a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist. It stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Binding of albuterol to beta(2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. It is believed that Albuterol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of albuterol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentrations leads to a smooth muscle relaxation. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations also cause an inhibition of the release of mediators from mast cells in the airways. | ||
| Albuterol News (When available) |
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| Dosage Forms | ORAL SOLUTION; SYRUP; TABLETS; EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS; INJECTION (Intramuscular, Intravenous) | ||
| Drug_Category | Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Tocolytic Agents; Bronchodilator Agents; ATC:R03AC | ||
| Absorption | Systemic absorption is rapid following aerosol administration | ||
| Interactions |
-->Interactions for Albuterol: Other short-acting sympathomimetic aerosol bronchodilators should not be used concomitantly with albuterol. If additional adrenergic drugs are to be administered by any route, they should be used with caution to avoid deleterious cardiovascular effects. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors or Tricyclic Antidepressants: Albuterol should be administered with extreme caution to patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, or within 2 weeks of discontinuation of such agents, because the action of albuterol on the vascular system may be potentiated. Beta-Blockers: Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as VENTOLIN Inhalation Aerosol, but may produce severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma. Therefore, patients with asthma should not normally be treated with beta-blockers. However, under certain circumstances, e.g., as prophylaxis after myocardial infarction, there may be no acceptable alternatives to the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients with asthma. In this setting, cardioselective beta-blockers could be considered, although they should be administered with caution. Diuretics: The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of nonpotassium-sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded. Although the clinical significance of these effects is not known, caution is advised in the coadministration of beta-agonists with nonpotassium-sparing diuretics. Digoxin: Mean decreases of 16% to 22% in serum digoxin levels were demonstrated after single-dose intravenous and oral administration of albuterol, respectively, to normal volunteers who had received digoxin for 10 days. The clinical significance of these findings for patients with obstructive airway disease who are receiving albuterol and digoxin on a chronic basis is unclear. Nevertheless, it would be prudent to carefully evaluate the serum digoxin levels in patients who are currently receiving digoxin and albuterol.
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| Toxicity | LD50=1100 mg/kg (orally in mice) | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-tert-butylamino-ethyl)-phenol | ||
| Chemical Formula | C13H21NO3 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 239.311 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O | ||
| Melting Point | 157-158°C | ||
| Water Solubility | 3 mg/L | ||
| State | white or almost white, crystalline powder | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | 1.311 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | hydrolyzed by esterases in tissue and blood to the active compound colterol . | ||
| Half Life | 1.6 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | Not Available | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Albuterol.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/duoneb.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00553 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 18559-94-9 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C07803 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:171517 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA448068 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | Not Available |
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