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Acarbose
drug data and news
Acarbose drug data, resources, and news articles (when available). Onconews.org provides news on cancer research. This section, which includes profiles on medicines that may or not be cancer-related is in beta form. If things run smoothly we will be releasing a new format late in the summer of 2006.
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| Generic name | Acarbose | ||
| Brand Names/Synonyms | Acarbose; Precose | ||
| Indication | For treatment and Management of Diabetes type II (Used in combination therapy as a Second or third line agent) | ||
| Sponsored links | Description | Not Available | |
| Pharmacology | Used to reduce blood gluose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acarbose is a complex oligosaccharide that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. Acarbose binds to and inhibits alpha amylase and alpha-gluocside hydrolases. In diabetic patients, this enzyme inhibition results in a delayed glucose absorption and a lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia. | ||
| Mechanism Of Action | Acarbose reversibly bind to pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolases. These enzymes inhibit hydrolysis of complex starches to oligosaccharides in the lumen of the small intestine and hydrolysis of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides, and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the brush border of the small intestine. | ||
| Acarbose News (When available) |
Bayer Earns $379m From Diabetes Drug Feb 14, 2006 Ranbaxy Launches Volix (Voglibose) For Treatment Of Diabetes ... Jan 30, 2006 New drug for diabetes Jan 24, 2006 Reducing the Risk for Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Oct 26, 2005 Glimepiride in the medical management of Type 2 diabetes Oct 23, 2005 Ethnicity and Type 2 Diabetes: Special Emphasis on Pathogenesis ... Oct 13, 2005 Contributions of Basal and Post-Prandial Hyperglycaemia to Micro ... Aug 12, 2005 Strategies to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Aug 12, 2005 Shedding Pounds: Drugs not likely to be solution to obesity Aug 15, 2005 Drugs Alone Not Answer to Obesity Aug 2, 2005 Ask the internist: Variety of medications can help with diabetes ... Jul 19, 2005 World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome Jun 13, 2005 World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome Jun 13, 2005 Indian herb may be used to help diabetes sufferers Mar 27, 2005 Taking liver-taxing drugs calls for periodic testing Apr 5, 2005 Doctors Say Diabetes Maybe Preventable Feb 28, 2005 Diet, exercise slow rising blood sugar levels Feb 14, 2005 | ||
| Dosage Forms | TABLET | ||
| Drug_Category | Hypoglycemic Agents; Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors; ATC:A10BF01 | ||
| Absorption | Not Available | ||
| Interactions | Interactions for Acarbose: Certain drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia and may lead to loss of blood glucose control. These drugs include the thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel-blocking drugs, and isoniazid. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving Acarbose, the patient should be closely observed for loss of blood glucose control. When such drugs are withdrawn from patients receiving Acarbose in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin, patients should be observed closely for any evidence of hypoglycemia. Intestinal adsorbents (e. g., charcoal) and digestive enzyme preparations containing carbohydrate-splitting enzymes (e. g., amylase, pancreatin) may reduce the effect of Acarbose and should not be taken concomitantly. Acarbose has been shown to change the bioavailabillty digoxin when they are co-administered, which may require digoxin dose adjustment. Studies in healthy volunteers have shown that Acarbose has no effect on either the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of digoxin, nifedipine, propranolol, or ranitidine. Acarbose did not interfere with the absorption or disposition of the sulfonylurea glyburide in diabetic patients. Acarbose may affect digoxin bioavailabillty and may require dose adjustment of digoxin by 16% (90% confidence interval: 8-23%), decrease mean C max digoxin by 26% (90% confidence interval: 16-34%) and decrease mean trough concentrations of digoxin by 9% (90% confidence limit: 19% decrease to 2% increase). The amount of metformin absorbed while taking Acarbose was bioequivalent to the amount absorbed when taking placebo, as indicated by the plasma AUC values. However, the peak plasma level of metformin was reduced by approximately 20% when taking Acarbose due to a slight delay in the absorption of metformin. There is little if any clinically significant interaction between Acarbose and metformin. | ||
| Toxicity | Not Available | ||
| Organisms Affected | Humans and other mammals | ||
| Chemical IUPAC Name | 5-[5-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[[4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclohex-2-enyl]amino]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]amino-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4-triol | ||
| Chemical Formula | C25H45N3O16 | ||
| Molecular Weight | 643.635 g/mol | ||
| Smiles String | CC1C(C(C(C(O1)NC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)NC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)O)CO)CO)O)O)NC4C=C(C(C(C4O)O)O)CO | ||
| Melting Point | Not Available | ||
| Water Solubility | Not Available | ||
| State | Solid | ||
| LogP/Hphobicity | -9.454 | ||
| Isoelectric Point | Not Available | ||
| Biotransformation | Not Available | ||
| Half Life | 2 hours | ||
| Protein Binding [%] | Not Available | ||
| RxList Link | RXlist | ||
| Sponsored links | |||
| Drug Reference |
http://www.drugs.com/cons/Acarbose.html http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/acarbose.htm | ||
| Drug Type | Approved Drug | ||
| Accession No | APRD00656 | ||
| CAS Registry Number | 56180-94-0 | ||
| KEGG Compound ID | C06802 | ||
| PubChem ID | SID:63059 | ||
| PharmGKB ID | PA448010 | ||
| SwissProt ID | Not Available | ||
| GenBank ID | Not Available | ||
| Drug ID Number [DIN] | 2190893 |
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