Vitamin_A: profile and news






Supplement FAQs  17 May 2006
Taking high doses of vitamins A, D, B6, E and K can be dangerous. Too much vitamin A can cause osteoporosis, liver damage, hair loss and neurological problems. ... - MLive.com,

Chill naturally  17 May 2006
...raw mango drink, made with jaggery is a perfect combination of vitamin C and iron; and fresh mango juice acts as an excellent source of vitamin A. “You could ... - Expressindia.com,

Science should solve Africa's malnutrition – Nutritionist  17 May 2006
...on staple crops, such as maize, white-fleshed sweet potato, and beans which are generally low in micro-nutrients, particularly iron, zinc and vitamin A. As a ... - African News Dimension,

In Season: Dandelion greens  17 May 2006
...lion's teeth. Dandelion leaves are high in vitamin C, vitamin A and iron and have been used as a tonic for centuries. The bright ... - Salt Lake Tribune,

Questions and Answers on Fortified Foods  17 May 2006
...voluntarily add vitamins A and D to margarine and spreadable fats, this contributes about 20% of the recommended intake [1] of vitamin A and about 30% of ... - EUROPA (press release),

For something different, try rhubarb in a cake  17 May 2006
...bright cherry red. Originally, the very tart-tasting plant, a source of vitamin A, came from the eastern part of Russia. It has ... - Charlotte Observer,

Smaller muffins pack a nutritional punch  17 May 2006
In addition to adding fiber and sweetness, the carrots also offer impressive amounts of beta-carotene, a precursor for vitamin A. - Kansas.com,

Sharp Increase in Food Production and Demand for Low-Fat Foods ...  17 May 2006
...part of the Total Chemicals, Material and Foods Subscription, which also includes research in the following markets: US Vitamin E markets, US Vitamin A and Beta ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

GUINEA-BISSAU: 700,000 children line up for shot against measles  17 May 2006
On receiving their shots against measles, a highly contagious viral disease, children also will be given vitamin A as well as medecine against intestinal worms ... - Reuters AlertNet,

Proper nutrition for children, a national responsibility: Sri ...  17 May 2006
UNICEF representative Dr. DP Adhikari, said malnutrition, anaemia, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency were among the commonest ... - OneWorld.net,

UNICEF Humanitarian Action: Uganda Donor Update 16 May 2006  17 May 2006
...and its partners immunized 1,243 children and 458 women of childbearing age, dewormed 978 children with Albendazole and provided Vitamin A supplementation to ... - ReliefWeb (press release),

New Vitamin A drug may cut breast cancer risk  May 5, 2006
LONDON: A new Vitamin-A drug may reduce breast cancer in younger patients, finds a new study, though researchers say more research is needed before drawing any ... - Daily News & Analysis,

Vitamin A drug may help young cancer patients  May 4, 2006
Younger breast cancer patients could have their risk of developing a second tumour cut by a new vitamin A drug. Researchers found ... - Daily Mail - UK,

Vitamin A Derivative Reduces Risk of Second Cancer in Pre ...  May 9, 2006
1]. Vitamin A and vitamin A analogs have been and are being extensively evaluated for the prevention of a variety of cancers. Vitamin ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

WIC program aids women, children  May 16, 2006
..."They are provided because they are of high nutrient quality and provide the targeted nutritional elements: iron, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, calcium and protein ... - Amarillo.com (subscription),

Distribution of Vitamin A Continuing in Nepal  Apr 20, 2006
Children who do not receive Vitamin A capsules have a four times higher risk of dying than those who do receive it. Therefore, a ... - OhmyNews International,

Nepal to distribute vitamin A, de-worming tablets  Apr 18, 2006
The nationwide distribution of Vitamin A capsules and de-worming tablets will begin from Wednesday in Nepal, representative of the United Nations Children's ... - People's Daily Online,

NEPAL: National vitamin A campaign to proceed despite recent ...  Apr 17, 2006
KATHMANDU, 17 April (IRIN) - Around 3.3 million Nepalese children are due to receive vitamin A supplements this week in the latest phase of the successful ... - Reuters AlertNet,

Food Fortification in Africa: A Strategy to Eradicate Vitamin and ...  Apr 19, 2006
It is estimated that about 40% of people in Sub-Sahara Africa are affected by vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency raises ... - Innovations-Report,

About 3.7 M children to receive Vitamin A capsules from today  Apr 18, 2006
KATHMANDU, Apr. 18: Children under five will be administered Vitamin A capsule and deworming tablet on April 19 and April 20 across the country. ... - Gorkhapatra,

3.7 m infants to receive Vitamin A drops  Apr 19, 2006
Around 3.7 million children above six months and below five years are being administered with Vitamin A drops while those above one year will also be provided ... - Nepaleyes,

Cold or flu?  May 15, 2006
Increase your intake of vitamin A to 10 000 IUs a day and vitamin C to 1000-2000mg a day. Vitamin C may reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. ... - Health24.com,

Parties appeal to support Vitamin A campaign  Apr 19, 2006
The seven parties have said the ongoing movement will not hamper the administration of the Vitamin A capsule and de-worming medicines to the children scheduled ... - Nepalnews.com,

Vitamin A Programme to be continued  Apr 23, 2006
KATHMANDU, April 23: The scheduled nationwide Vitamin A capsule and deworming tablets administering programme of National Vitamin A Programme last Wednesday ... - Gorkhapatra,

You Are What You Eat  May 15, 2006
The ACE's of Super Foods Beta carotene (a substance converted into vitamin A) and vitamins C and E -- the "ACE vitamins" -- are particularly potent ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

What's In The Bag?  May 14, 2006
3. Minimum amount of vitamin A, other than the precursors of vitamin A, in international units (IU) per pound (if added). Minimum ... - TheHorse.com,

Practical steps in preventing the transmission of flu  May 15, 2006
Prevent the air from drying out by using humidifiers, and take a vitamin A or beta carotene supplement to protect these delicate membranes. ... - Health24.com,

Your health begins with vitamin D  May 9, 2006
Most multivitamins contain 400 IU of vitamin D. But you shouldn't just take two multivitamins a day, because the vitamin A in the pill may interfere with the ... - Brampton Guardian,

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 83, No. 5, 1217S ...  May 9, 2006
The distributions of requirements within particular sex and life-stage groups have been estimated for iron (9), protein (10), and vitamin A (9), but for most ... - Am J Clin Nutr (subscription),

Putting children first: Nepal's national vitamin A campaign ...  Apr 20, 2006
Nepal, 19 April 2006 -- Despite the escalating political turmoil that has hit Nepal in recent weeks, a national distribution of vitamin A capsules and de ... - ReliefWeb (press release),

Feeding The Feet  May 12, 2006
For example, vitamin A ingested in excess causes a rough hair coat, skin disease, fragile bones, weakness, and brittle hoof horn. ... - TheHorse.com,

Feeding Racehorses  May 9, 2006
Beta-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, is far more accessible when a horse is grazing fresh pasture than when he’s eating cured hay. ... - TheHorse.com,

Nepal: National vitamin A campaign to proceed despite recent ...  Apr 17, 2006
Kathmandu, 17 April (IRIN) - Around 3.3 million Nepalese children are due to receive vitamin A supplements this week in the latest phase of the successful ... - ReliefWeb (press release),

Cattle Alert: Plant Poisonings Are Increased In Stressed Pastures  May 13, 2006
...system. Deficiencies of phosphorous or Vitamin A can cause animals to eat with relish things they wouldn’t usually consume. Be ... - CattleNetwork.com,

Five vitamins important for fighting disease  May 14, 2006
Vitamin A helps you see in the dark. ... The body can manufacture vitamin A from beta carotene, which is found in carrots and many other fruits and vegetables. ... - commercialappeal.com (subscription),

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 83, No. 5, 1223S ...  May 9, 2006
For most nutrients, the CV is assumed to be 10%, so the RDA is 20% higher than the EAR. The CVs are higher for niacin (15%) and for vitamin A (20%). ... - Am J Clin Nutr (subscription),

Health experts call for manadatory flour additives  May 11, 2006
Before the introduction of fortified flour, the center's survey of women in Lanzhou showed daily vitamin A intake was 491 micrograms, 61 percent of the ... - People's Daily Online,

PanAfrica: Scientists Develop 'Biocrops' to Boost Nutrition  May 9, 2006
...although these and similar foods serve the purpose of filling empty stomachs, they are generally low in micronutrients particularly iron, zinc and Vitamin A. ... - AllAfrica.com,

Children in East Africa risk death from drought-UN  May 15, 2006
1.6 million children under five, the agency said in an appeal for money for food, water, sanitation, measles vaccines, vitamin A supplements, protection and ... - Reuters AlertNet,

Health Tip: Why am I Losing my Hair?  May 15, 2006
Hair loss also can be triggered by certain medicines like blood thinners, drugs that treat cancer, an excess of vitamin A, medicines for gout, some birth ... - Forbes

Vitamin Mania: The Truth about Antioxidants  May 2, 2006
Americans spend about $2 billion a year on vitamins C and E, along with beta carotene (a precursor of vitamin A) and selenium, according to Nutrition Business ... - LiveScience.com,

Vitamin A drug may cut breast cancer risk  May 5, 2006
London: A new Vitamin-A drug may reduce breast cancer in younger patients, finds a new study, though researchers say more research is needed before drawing any ... - NewKerala.com,

Vitamin A drug may cut breast cancer risk  May 5, 2006
London, May 5 (IANS) A new Vitamin-A drug may reduce breast cancer in younger patients, finds a new study, though researchers say more research is needed ... - DailyIndia.com,


Other information


Indication
For the treatment of vitamin A deficiency.

Pharmacology
Vitamin A is effective for the treatment of Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble substances that are structurally related to and possess the biological activity of the parent substance of the group called all-trans retinol or retinol. Vitamin A plays vital roles in vision, epithelial differentiation, growth, reproduction, pattern formation during embryogenesis, bone development, hematopoiesis and brain development. It is also important for the maintenance of the proper functioning of the immune system.

Mechanism Of Action
Vision:Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) is converted in the retina to the 11-cis-isomer of retinaldehyde or 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal functions in the retina in the transduction of light into the neural signals necessary for vision. 11-cis-retinal, while attached to opsin in rhodopsin is isomerized to all-trans-retinal by light. This is the event that triggers the nerve impulse to the brain which allows for the perception of light. All-trans-retinal is then released from opsin and reduced to all-trans-retinol. All-trans-retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinol in the dark, and then oxidized to 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal recombines with opsin to re-form rhodopsin. Night blindness or defective vision at low illumination results from a failure to re-synthesize 11-cis retinal rapidly.
Epithelial differentiation: The role of Vitamin A in epithelial differentiation, as well as in other physiological processes, involves the binding of Vitamin A to two families of nuclear retinoid receptors (retinoic acid receptors, RARs; and retinoid-X receptors, RXRs). These receptors function as ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate gene transcription. When there is not enough Vitamin A to bind these receptors, natural cell differentiation and growth are interrupted.

Drug Category
ATC:V04CB01; Anti-acne Agents; Essential Vitamin; Vitamins (Vitamin A)

Brand Names/Synonyms
A-Mulsal; A-Sol; A-Vitan; Acon; Afaxin; Agiolan; Agoncal; Alcovit A; Alphalin; Alphasterol; Anatola; Anatola A; Anti-Infective vitamin; Antixerophthalmic vitamin; Aoral; Apexol; Apostavit; Aquasol A; Aquasol A Parenteral; Aquasynth; Atars; Atav; Avibon; Avita; Avitol; Axerol; Axerophthol; Bentavit A; Biosterol; Cernevit-12; Chocola A; Codoil, rosinol, rosin oil; Cylasphere; Disatabs Tabs; Dofsol; Dohyfral A; Epiteliol; Homagenets Aoral; Homagenets aorl; Infuvite Pediatric; Lard Factor; M.V.C. 9+3; M.V.I. Pediatric; M.V.I.-12; M.V.I.-12 Lyophilized; Mvc Plus; Myvpack; Oleovitamin A; Ophthalamin; Plivit A; Prepalin; Retinol; Retinol, All Trans isomer; Retinol, all trans-; Retrovitamin A; Sehkraft A; Solu-A; Super A; Testavol; Testavol S; Thalasphere; Vaflol; Vafol; Veroftal; Vi-Alpha; Vio-A; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Palmitate; Vitamin A Solubilized; Vitamin A alcohol; Vitamin A cryst; Vitamin A1; Vitamin A1 alcohol; Vitavel A; Vitpex; Vogan; Vogan-Neu; Vogan-nu; Zineb; Zineb 80; Zinosan N; beta-Retinol; tROL; trans-Retinol; trans-Vitamin A alcohol; alin; asterol; ß-Retinol; 21 CFR 182,5930; all-trans-retinol; A-Vi-Pel; All-trans-Retinol; All-trans-Retinyl alcohol; All-trans-Vitamin A alcohol; Aquasol A (Rx); Del-VI-A; Hi-A-Vita; Nio-A-Let; Retin-11,12-t2-ol (9CI); Retinol, all-trans-; Retinol, all-trans- (8CI); Ro-a-vit; Vi-a; Vi-Dom-A; Vitamin A (Feed); Vitamin A alcohol (VAN); Vitamin A alcohol, all-trans-; Vitamin A1 alcohol, all-trans-; Vitamin A1, all-trans-; [11,12-3H]-Retinol; all-trans-Vitamin A; all-trans-Vitamin A1; retinol (ACD/Name 4.0)

Dosage Forms
CAPSULE; CREAM; LIQUID; OINTMENT; POWDER; TABLET; TABLET (EXTENDED-RELEASE); WAFER

Absorption
Readily absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract

Interactions
Interactions for Vitamin A: Drug Interactions: Women on oral contraceptives have shown a significant increase in plasma vitamin A levels.

Chemical IUPAC Name
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol

Chemical Formula
C20H30O

Half Life
1.9 hours

Drug Type
Approved Drug

# Accession No
APRD00486

CAS Registry Number
68-26-8

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