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Neomycin_Sulfate: profile and news
Mayo Clinic identifies Top 10 allergens Mar 3, 2006 A Critical Discussion of the Use of Antiseptics in Acute Traumatic ... Mar 18, 2005 Other information Indication For the adjunctive treatment of acute hepatic failure, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and suppression of intestinal bacteria. Pharmacology Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. In addition, some mycobacteria, including the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, are susceptible to aminoglycosides. Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria can also be treated with aminoglycosides, but other types of antibiotics are more potent and less damaging to the host. In the past the aminoglycosides have been used in conjunction with penicillin-related antibiotics in streptococcal infections for their synergistic effects, particularly in endocarditis. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Mechanism Of Action Aminoglycosides like Neomycin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes. Drug Category Anti-bacterial Agents; Antibiotics; ATC:A01AB08; ATC:A07AA01; ATC:B05CA09; ATC:D06AX04; ATC:J01GB05; ATC:R02AB01; ATC:S01AA03; ATC:S02AA07; ATC:S03AA01 Brand Names/Synonyms Biosol; Bykomycin; CCRIS 5462; Caswell No. 595; Endomixin; Fradiomycin; Fradiomycin Sulfate; Fraquinol; HSDB 3242; Lidamycin Creme; Myacine; Myacyne; Mycifradin; Mycifradin-N; Myciguent; Neo-Fradin; Neo-Mantle Creme; Neo-Rx; Neobiotic; Neobrettin; Neofracin; Neolate; Neomix; Neomycin B Sulfate; Neomycin Sulfate; Neomycin Sulphate; Neomycin Sulphate Puriss for Bacteriology; Neomycin Trisulfate Salt Hydrate; Neosulf; Nivemycin; Tuttomycin; USAF CB-19; Vonamycin Powder V Dosage Forms POWDER Absorption Not Available Interactions Interactions for Neomycin: Caution should be taken in concurrent or serial use of other neurotoxic and/ or nephrotoxic drugs because of possible enhancement of the nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity of neomycin. Caution should also be taken in concurrent or serial use of other aminoglycosides and polymyxins because they may enhance neomycinís nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity and potentiate neomycin sulfateís neuromuscular blocking effects. Oral neomycin inhibits the gastrointestinal absorption of penicillin V, oral vitamin B-12, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. The gastrointestinal absorption of digoxin also appears to be inhibited. Therefore, digoxin serum levels should be monitored. Oral neomycin sulfate may enhance the effect of coumarin in anticoagulants by decreasing vitamin K availability. Chemical IUPAC Name 5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[5-[3,5-diamino-2-[3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-cyclohexoxy]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol Chemical Formula C23H46N6O13 Half Life Not Available Drug Type Approved Drug # Accession No APRD00013 CAS Registry Number 1405-10-3 |
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