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Levothyroxine: profile and news
King Pharmaceuticals Reports Year-End and Fourth-Quarter 2005 ... Feb 28, 2006 King Pharmaceuticals Reports Year-End and Fourth-Quarter 2005 ... Feb 28, 2006 KV Pharmaceutical Reports Record Revenues for Fiscal 2006 Third ... Feb 7, 2006 KV Pharmaceutical Reports Record Revenues for Fiscal 2006 Third ... Feb 7, 2006 GeoPharma Reports 80% Increase in Third Quarter 2006 Revenues; EPS ... Feb 1, 2006 KV Pharmaceutical Reports Record Revenues for Fiscal 2006 Third ... Feb 7, 2006 The lowdown on thyroid slowdown 12 Dec 2005 Medication makes sense if symptoms persist Dec 5, 2005 Low Thyroid Without Symptoms Increases Heart Failure Risk Dec 7, 2005 Thyroid problem complicates efforts to lose extra weight Dec 5, 2005 Are your thyroid hormones really normal? Nov 14, 2005 Low Thyroid Function May Equal High Heart Disease Risk Nov 29, 2005 Thyroid Condition Associated with Increased Heart Failure Risk ... Nov 29, 2005 King Pharmaceuticals Reports Third-Quarter 2005 Financial Results Nov 9, 2005 King Pharmaceuticals Reports Third-Quarter 2005 Financial Results Nov 9, 2005 The Thyrotropin Reference Range Should Remain Unchanged Oct 3, 2005 Evaluation of Reboxetine, a Noradrenergic Antidepressant, for the ... Sep 23, 2005 Mood Swings Oct 7, 2005 Topics in Thyroid Disease Sep 12, 2005 Lannett Company Reports Fiscal 2005 Fourth Quarter and Full Year ... Sep 13, 2005 L-Thyroxine plus Liothyronine in Hypothyroidism Oct 3, 2005 King Pharmaceuticals Reports Second-Quarter 2005 Financial Results Sep 9, 2005 The Thyrotropin Reference Range Should Remain Unchanged Sep 7, 2005 IVAX to Distribute Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets USP Aug 31, 2005 Evaluation of Reboxetine, a Noradrenergic Antidepressant, for the ... Sep 6, 2005 Thyroid screenings uncover the truth behind symptoms Aug 28, 2005 GeoPharma Reports 1Q FY 2006 Financial Results Aug 3, 2005 Ex-Shelby aide to head drug firm Aug 3, 2005 Insect repellent and sunscreen available together Jul 20, 2005 Clozapine-Induced Allergic Vasculitis Jul 29, 2005 Other information Indication For use as replacement or supplemental therapy in patients of any age or state (including pregnancy) with hypothyroidism of any etiology except transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis or primary hypothyroidism resulting from thyroid dysfunction. Pharmacology Levothyroxine (T4) is a synthetically prepared levo isomer of thyroxine, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine is used alone or in combination with antithyroid agents to treat hypothyroidism, goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, myxedema coma, or stupor. Mechanism Of Action Levothyroxine acts like the endogenous thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4, a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative). In the liver and kidney, T4 is converted to T3, an active metabolite. In order to increase solubility, the thyroid hormones attach to thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin and thyroxin-binding prealbumin (transthyretin). Transport to thyroid hormone receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus then takes place. Drug Category Antithyroid Agents; Anticoagulants; ATC:H03AA01 Brand Names/Synonyms D-Thyroxine; Eltroxin; Euthyrox; Iodine; L-T4; L-THYROXIN SODIUM, 99%; L-Thyroxine; L-Thyroxine Sodium; L-Thyroxine Sodium Salt; L-Thyroxine Sodium Salt Hydrate; L-Thyroxine.Na; Laevothyroxinum; Laevoxin; Letter; Levaxin; Levo-T; Levolet; Levothroid; Levothyrox; Levothyroxine; Levothyroxine Sodium; Levoxine; Levoxyl; Novothyrox; Oroxine; Sodium Levothyroxine; Synthroid; Synthroid Sodium; Tetraiodothyronine; Thyratabs; Thyrax; Thyreoideum; Thyro-Tabs; Thyro-Tapbs; Thyroxevan; Thyroxin; Thyroxinal; Thyroxine; Unithroid Dosage Forms LIQUID; POWDER; TABLET Absorption Varies from 48% to 80% Interactions -->Interactions for Levothyroxine: The magnitude and relative importance of the effects noted below are likely to be patient specific and may vary by such factors as age, gender, race, intercurrent illnesses, dose of either agent, additional concomitant medications, and timing of drug administration. Any agent that alters thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, distribution, effect on target tissues, metabolism, or elimination may alter the optimal therapeutic dose of levothyroxine sodium. Levothyroxine Sodium Absorption: The following agents may bind and decrease absorption of levothyroxine sodium from the gastrointestinal tract: aluminum hydoxide, cholestyramine resin, colestipol hydrochloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, soybean flour (e.g., infant formula), sucralfate. Binding to Serum Proteins: The following agents may either inhibit levothyroxine sodium binding to serum proteins or alter the concentrations of serum binding proteins: androgens and related anabolic hormones, asparaginase, clofibrate, estrogens and estrogen-containing compounds, 5-fluorouracil, furosemide, glucocorticoids, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, methadone, perphenazine, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, salicylates, tamoxifen. Thyroid Physiology: The following agents may alter thyroid hormone or TSH levels, generally by effects on thyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, distribution, metabolism, hormone action, or elimination, or altered TSH secretion: aminoglutethimide, p-aminosalicylic acid, amiodarone, androgens and related anabolic hormones, complex anions (thiocyanate, perchlorate, pertechnetate), antithyroid drugs, b-adrenergic blocking agents, carbamazepine, chloral hydrate, diazepam, dopamine and dopamine agonists, ethionamide, glucocorticoids, heparin, hepatic enzyme inducers, insulin, iodinated cholestographic agents, iodine- containing compounds, levodopa, lovastatin, lithium, 6-mercaptopurine, metoclopramide, mitotane, nitroprusside, phenobarbital, phenytoin, resorcinol, rifampin, somatostatin analogs, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, thiazide diuretics. Adrenocorticoids: Metabolic clearance of adrenocorticoids is decreased in hypothyroid patients and increased in hyperthyroid patients, and may therefore change with changing thyroid status. Amiodarone: Amiodarone therapy alone can cause hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Anticoagulants (Oral): The hypoprothrombinemic effect of anticoagulants may be potentiated, apparently by increased catabloism of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Antidiabetic Agents (Insulin, Sulfonylureas): Requirements for insulin or oral antidiabetic agents may be reduced in hypothyroid patients with diabetes mellitus and may subsequently increase with the initiation of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. b-Adrenergic Blocking Agents: Actions of some of beta-blocking agents may be impaired when hypothyroid patients become euthyroid. Cytokines (interferon, interleukin): Cytokines have been reported to induce both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Digitalis Glycosides: Therapeutic effects of digitalis glycosides may be reduced. Serum digitalis levels may be decreased in hyperthyroidism or when a hypothyroid patient becomes euthyroid. Ketamine: Marked hypertension and tachycardia have been reported in association with concomitant administration of levothyroxine sodium and ketamine. Maprotiline: Risk of cardiac arrhythmias may increase. Sodium Iodide (123I and 131I), Sodium Pertechnetate Tc99m: Uptake of radiolabeled ions may be decreased. Somatrem/Somatropin: Excessive concurrent use of thyroid hormone may accelerate epiphyseal closure. Untreated hypothyroidism may interfere with the growth response to somatrem or somatropin. Theophylline: Theophylline clearance may decrease in hypothyroid patients and return toward normal when a euthyroid state is achieved. Tricyclic Antidepressants: Concurrent use may increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of both drugs, possibly due to increased catecholamine sensitivity. Onset of action of tricyclics may be accelerated. Sympathomimetic Agents: Possible increased risk of coronary insufficiency in patients with coronary artery disease. Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-phenyl]-propanoicacid Chemical Formula C15H11I4NO4 Half Life 6 to 7 days Drug Type Approved Drug # Accession No APRD00235 CAS Registry Number 25416-65-3 |
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