Imodium: profile and news






Advair and a second GlaxoSmithKline asthma drug get stronger ...  07 Mar 2006
The updated versions of the “black-box� warnings on both drugs caution that salmeterol, one of the active ingredients in Advair and the active ingredient ... - San Diego Union Tribune,

Top Asthma Drugs Get Stronger Warning  07 Mar 2006
...drugs. The "black-box" warnings on both drugs caution that key ingredient salmeterol may increase the risk of asthma-related death. ... - ktla 5,

Asthma Drug Warning Strengthened  Mar 3, 2006
...comes in the wake of a giant 26,000 patient study, completed several years ago, that found a higher death rate in patients treated with salmeterol, one of the ... - Forbes

Serevent Exposes Blacks to Higher Risk of Asthma-Related Death ...  Feb 22, 2006
A new study has found that GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) popular asthma drug, Serevent, (salmeterol), exposes African-American patients to a higher risk of asthma ... - Newsinferno.com,

Study of asthma drug finds it puts black patients at greater risk ...  Feb 21, 2006
A large study on the popular asthma medication salmeterol has been halted after researchers uncovered fresh evidence that the drug may pose a slightly higher ... - Newstarget.com,

GlaxoSmithKline: Pliva Deal to Boost R&D  Feb 15, 2006
Indeed, sales from these brands - Flovent (fluticasone), Seretide (salmeterol, fluticasone) and Serevent (salmeterol) - accounted for 21.3% of the company's ... - International News Service,

Sepracor: arformoterol offers relief  Feb 16, 2006
In the US, two long-acting beta2-agonists are currently available, namely GlaxoSmithKline's Serevent (salmeterol) and Novartis' Foradil (formoterol), both of ... - Pharmaceutical Business Review

SCHWARZ PHARMA /Full Year Report 2005  Feb 17, 2006
This growth was particularly driven by the promoted drugs Rifun® (pantoprazole; +33%), Atmadisc® (fluticasone/salmeterol; +22%) and Provas® (valsartan; +10 ... - PharmaLive.com (press release),

2005 - the year of recovery for GSK  Feb 9, 2006
Several of GSK's drugs turned in solid revenue growth for 2005: the company's top-selling product, Seretide/Advair (salmeterol and fluticasone) for asthma ... - Pharma Times (subscription),

2005 - the year of recovery for GSK  09 Feb 2006
Several of GSK's drugs turned in solid revenue growth for 2005: the company's top-selling product, Seretide/Advair (salmeterol and fluticasone) for asthma ... - Pharma Times (subscription),

Asthma Drug, Salmeterol, Associated With Adverse Events In African ...  Jan 10, 2006
New data reveal that the asthma drug salmeterol may lead to an increased risk of respiratory - and asthma-related deaths in African American patients. ... - Medical News Today (press release),

Common Asthma Medication Poses Risk to Black Patients  Jan 11, 2006
11 (HealthDay News) -- A large study on the popular asthma medication salmeterol has been halted after researchers uncovered fresh evidence that the drug may ... - Forbes

Common asthma medication poses risk to black patients  Jan 11, 2006
A large study on the popular asthma medication salmeterol was halted after researchers uncovered evidence that the drug may pose a slightly higher risk for ... - WTOP,

Common Asthma Medication Poses Risk to Black Patients  Jan 11, 2006
11 (HealthDay News) -- A large study on the popular asthma medication salmeterol was halted after researchers uncovered evidence that the drug may pose a ... - KPHO Phoenix,

News Briefs from the January Issue of CHEST  Jan 9, 2006
New data reveal that the asthma drug salmeterol may lead to an increased risk of respiratory- and asthma-related deaths in African American patients. ... - Newswise (press release)

Drug Warning For African Americans: Serevent  Jan 10, 2006
Results were found in the Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial (SMART). ... Researchers were with GlaxoSmithKline, the makers of Salmeterol. ... - KSDK,

Black asthma patients at risk  Jan 12, 2006
..."The bottom line is that in a very large study in which salmeterol or a placebo was added to whatever treatment patients already were on, there was an ... - Health24.com,

AstraZeneca's Symbicort gives asthma patients the power to get ...  Jan 13, 2006
With the SMART approach, Symbicort is used to provide a stable dosing regime, as with GlaxoSmithKline's Seretide (fluticasone/salmeterol), but the dose can be ... - Pharmaceutical Business Review

Asthma Drug May Be Deadlier for Blacks  Jan 12, 2006
Both Serevent and Advair contain the active ingredient salmeterol, but Advair also contains an inhaled corticosteroid. Results from ... - WebMD

Common Asthma Medication Poses Risk to Black Patients  Jan 11, 2006
11 (HealthDay News) -- A large study on the popular asthma medication salmeterol has been halted after researchers uncovered fresh evidence that the drug may ... - HealthCentral.com

Serevent May Pose Greater Risk of Death to Blacks  Jan 13, 2006
The results of the trial, called Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial (SMART), appear in the January issue of the journal Chest. ... - Newsinferno.com,

SkyePharma will not merge with Innovata  Jan 12, 2006
Flutiform could be a massive product for the company, competing with blockbuster brands such as GlaxoSmithKline's Advair/Seretide (salmeterol and fluticasone ... - Pharma Times (subscription),

Diagnosing Airway Disease  Dec 2, 2005
The volume dominant response to bronchodilators in COPD is seen both with tiotropium [25] and fluticasone-salmeterol combination. ... - Medscape (subscription)

FDA seeks stronger warning for asthma meds  Dec 1, 2005
Serevent (salmeterol) and Advair (salmeterol plus a corticosteroid, which reduces inflammation) already carry black box warnings advising of “a small but ... - Quad City Times,

Long-acting beta 2-adrenergic agonists may make asthma episodes ...  Nov 21, 2005
The FDA ( US Food and Drug Administration ) requested manufacturers of Advair Diskus ( Fluticasone propionate & Salmeterol inhalation powder ), Foradil ... - Xagena.it,

Consumer Reports Medical Guide & Consumer Reports: Prescription ...  Dec 5, 2005
...injections (Depo-Provera), a contraceptive; Mefloquine (Lariam) to prevent malaria; Rosuvastatin (Crestor) for high cholesterol; Salmeterol-- (Serevent) for ... - U.S. Newswire (press release),

Prescription for Trouble: Consumer Reports Examines Weaknesses of ...  Dec 5, 2005
...injections (Depo-Provera), a contraceptive; Mefloquine (Lariam) to prevent malaria; Rosuvastatin (Crestor) for high cholesterol; Salmeterol (Serevent) for ... - AScribe

GSK says FDA's decision to change asthma drug label puts patients ...  Nov 18, 2005
The products contain salmeterol, a type of bronchodilator known as a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABAs), which acts by relaxing bronchial muscles to help asthma ... - Forbes

FDA Issues Public Advisory on Three Asthma Medications  Nov 18, 2005
The FDA wants the warnings added to Serevent Diskus (salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder), Advair Diskus (fluticasone propionate and salmeterol inhalation ... - MedPage Today,

FDA Has Public Health Advisory on Inhaled Long-acting ...  Nov 18, 2005
The three drugs are Advair Diskus (fluticasone propionate & salmeterol inhalation powder), Foradil Aerolizer (formoterol fumarate inhalation powder), and ... - DG News

GlaxoSmithKline winded by FDA label clampdown  Nov 24, 2005
...health advisory, the FDA requested that warnings be placed on the labels of GlaxoSmithKline's (GSK) Advair (fluticasone propionate; salmeterol xinafoate) and ... - Pharmaceutical Business Review

Mathematical study backs asthma theory  Dec 2, 2005
Dr Taylor says the study reinforces the message that long-acting medication, such as salmeterol, are more effective longer term than short-acting treatments. - Radio New Zealand,

Novartis says once-a-day asthma drug works  Nov 29, 2005
Glaxo’s Advair and Serevent, known as salmeterol, carry a “black box� warning on their packaging about one study which showed people taking Serevent had ... - Standard-Speaker,

FDA: New Warnings for Three Asthma Drugs  Nov 18, 2005
In 2003, Advair and Serevent got “black box� warnings about the risk. Advair and Serevent have the same active ingredient (salmeterol). ... - FOX News

GSK Statement on FDA Proposed Labeling Change for Serevent and ...  Nov 18, 2005
...restrictions. Since that time, there have been no new data on the safety or efficacy about salmeterol used alone or in combination with ICS. ... - PR Newswire (press release),

Symbicort Maintenance and Reliever Therapy is Highly Effective ...  Nov 20, 2005
AstraZeneca's novel treatment concept - SYMBICORT® Maintenance And Reliever TherapyTM - is highly effective compared with SeretideTM (fluticasone/ salmeterol ... - Medical News Today (press release),

Symbicort Maintenance and Reliever Therapy is Highly Effective ...  Nov 17, 2005
...s novel treatment concept - SYMBICORT® Maintenance And Reliever Therapy™ - is highly effective compared with Seretide™ (fluticasone/ salmeterol). ... - PharmaLive.com (press release),

Long-acting beta-2 agonists linked to increased risks of asthma ...  Oct 9, 2005
The asthma medications are Salmeterol, which is sold under the brand name Serevent; Formoterol, sold as Foradil and Oxeze; as well as two combination products ... - Xagena.it,

GlaxoSmithKline Misled FDA about Asthma Drug, Public Citizen ...  Oct 8, 2005
GlaxoSmithKline presented misleading results to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from a study of the popular asthma drug salmeterol (Serevent, also known ... - Consumer Affairs

Advisory - Safety Information About a Class of Asthma Medications ...  Oct 4, 2005
The asthma medications are salmeterol, which is sold under the brand name Serevent; formoterol, sold as Foradil and Oxeze; as well as two combination products ... - CNW Telbec (Communiqués de presse),

Some asthma drugs used improperly may increase risk of death ...  Oct 5, 2005
The beta-2 agonists are salmeterol, sold under the brand name Serevent; formoterol, sold as Foradil and Oxeze; and two combination products containing ... - Canada.com,

GSK Accused of Misleading FDA on Safety of Asthma Drug  Oct 7, 2005
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is accused of manipulating the trial data it submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on its asthma drug salmeterol in a ... - PharmaLive.com (press release),

Glaxo Accused of Fiddling Data  Oct 6, 2005
GlaxoSmithKline is accused of manipulating trial data submitted to the FDA on its asthma drug salmeterol. A correspondence in a ... - Red Herring,

Watchdog Group Claims GlaxoSmithKline Misled FDA  Oct 7, 2005
Public Citizen has accused GlaxoSmithKline of giving misleading study results to the US Food and Drug Administration on its popular asthma drug salmeterol. ... - Forbes

Glaxo Accused by Public Citizen of Misleading FDA on Drug Data  Oct 6, 2005
...trial. The trial was started in 1996 to study asthma patients who received either Serevent, also known as salmeterol, or a placebo. ... - Bloomberg

FDA Mislead On Asthma Drug By GlaxoSmithKline  Oct 7, 2005
The study was conducted on a group of asthma patients for 28 weeks who received either Serevent, also known as salmeterol, or a placebo. ... - MedIndia,

Glaxo disputes charges  Oct 7, 2005
Serevent or salmeterol, known as Advair when combined with the steroid fluticasone, carries a black box label warning of a small but significant increase in ... - Newsday,

Attention Business Editors:  Sep 18, 2005
...with different modes- of-action, Spiriva(R) (tiotropium) and formoterol, compared with the free combination of one bronchodilator, salmeterol, and an anti ... - Canada NewsWire (press release),

Glaxo Accused of Fiddling Data  Oct 6, 2005
GlaxoSmithKline is accused of manipulating trial data submitted to the FDA on its asthma drug salmeterol. October 6, 2005 A correspondence ... - Scoopt.org,

Glaxo denies manipulating asthma drug data  Oct 6, 2005
Serevent, also known as salmeterol, was reviewed by an FDA advisory panel early this year, which concluded it was safe enough to stay on the market. ... - Reuters

SkyePharma rights issue weighs on share price  Sep 28, 2005
...of a corticosteroid and beta agonist that will compete with blockbuster products such as GlaxSmithKline's Advair/Seretide (salmeterol and fluticasone) and ... - in-PharmaTechnologist,

Glaxo Accused of Misleading FDA on Asthma Drug  Oct 7, 2005
Lurie of the Citizen’s Health Research Group in Washington DC said that Glaxo misled the FDA about the results of it’s SMART (Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma ... - Newsinferno.com,

Indacaterol provides 24-hour efficacy with single dose in patients ...  Sep 22, 2005
24 hour symptom control with a single administration, in contrast to currently-available long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) such as salmeterol and formoterol ... - Medical News Today (press release),

Abbott Japan Announces that Hokunalin Tape Significantly Improves ...  Sep 26, 2005
...and in a stable period, were divided into two groups: the one who were administered with Hokunalin Tape and the other with Serevent (salmeterol), COPD drug ... - Japan Corporate News (press release),

Novartis says once-a-day asthma drug works  Sep 19, 2005
Glaxo's Advair and Serevent, known as salmeterol, carry a "black box" warning on their packaging about one study which showed people taking Serevent had a ... - ABC News

Boehringer says Spiriva, formoterol cause 'superior' improvement ...  Sep 19, 2005
Spririva and formoterol provides lunch function improvements that haven't been achieved with a combination of the long-acting bronchodilator salmeterol and a ... - Forbes


Other information


Indication
For the control and symptomatic relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea and of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide hydrochloride is also indicated for reducing the volume of discharge from ileostomies.

Pharmacology
Loperamide is a synthetic anti-diarrheal indicated for the control and symptomatic relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea and of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide is also indicated for reducing the volume of discharge from ileostomies. In man, Loperamide prolongs the transit time of the intestinal contents. It reduces the daily fecal volume, increases the viscosity and bulk density, and diminishes the loss of fluid and electrolytes. Tolerance to the antidiarrheal effect has not been observed. Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the mu opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestines; it does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids. It works specifically by decreasing the activity of the myenteric plexus which decreases the motility of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscles of the intestinal wall. This increases the amount of time substances stay in the intestine, allowing for more water to be absorbed out of the fecal matter. Loperamide also decreases colonic mass movements and suppresses the gastrocolic reflex

Mechanism Of Action
in vitro and animal studies show that Loperamide acts by slowing intestinal motility and by affecting water and electrolyte movement through the bowel. Loperamide inhibits peristaltic activity by a direct effect on the circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestinal wall. It is a non-selective calcium channel blocker and binds to opioid mu-receptors. Evidence also suggests that at higher concentrations it binds to NMDA receptors and to calmodulin

Drug Category
Antidiarrheals; Antidiarrheals; ATC:A07DA03; ATC:A07DA05

Brand Names/Synonyms
Apo-Loperamide; Diarr-Eze; Diarrhea Control; Ii; Imodium; Imodium a-D; Imodium a-D Caplets; Ioperamide; Kaopectate Ii; Loperacap; Loperamida [Inn-Spanish]; Loperamide; Loperamide Hcl; Loperamidum [Inn-Latin]; Maalox Anti-Diarrheal; Nu-Loperamide; Pepto Diarrhea Control; Pms-Loperamide; Rho-Loperamide

Dosage Forms
TABLET; CAPSULE; LIQUID

Absorption
Not well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract

Interactions
Interactions for Loperamide:

There was no evidence in clinical trials of drug interactions with concurrent medications.



Chemical IUPAC Name
4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl]-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-butanamide

Chemical Formula
C29H33ClN2O2

Half Life
10.8 hours (9.1-14.4 hours)

Drug Type
Approved Drug

# Accession No
APRD00275

CAS Registry Number
53179-11-6

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