Epivir: profile and news






Inadvertent toxic drug reaction in the management of atrial ...  Feb 28, 2006
Sakurai H, Kei M, Matsubara K, et al. Cardiogenic shock triggered by verapamil and atenolol: a case report of therapeutic experience with intravenous calcium. ... - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Generic drug prices cost consumers more  Feb 20, 2006
Thirty tablets of a generic heart medication Atenolol/50 milligrams cost pharmacies $1.95. The average retail price was $9.38 -- $7 over wholesale. ... - KTSP.com,

Medical Edge: Many drug options for migraines  Feb 11, 2006
Among them are: • Cardiovascular drugs such as beta-blockers (atenolol, for example), developed to treat high blood pressure and coronary-artery disease. ... - Bryan College Station Eagle,

FDA has approved Ranexa for chronic angina  Feb 4, 2006
In CARISA, 823 patients on either a calcium channel blocker or beta blocker ( Atenolol ) were randomized to Ranexa or placebo and followed for 12 weeks using a ... - Xagena.it,

Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients ...  Feb 8, 2006
...of study medications supplied by Pfizer (New York, New York) (amlodipine and doxazosin), AstraZeneca (Wilmington, Delaware) (atenolol and lisinopril), and ... - Annals of Internal Medicine

Critical cost of 24-hour care  Feb 4, 2006
It’s Saturday morning and Edith, a 60-year-old lady from East Lothian, has run out of the blood pressure medication atenolol. ... - The Sunday Times,

Easing angina pain  Feb 17, 2006
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 823 patients taking either a calcium channel blocker or beta-blocker (atenolol) were randomly ... - myDNA.com,

Pfizer's Norvasc reduces cardiovascular events  Feb 8, 2006
Patients receiving the beta-blocker based regimen of atenolol, received a diuretic (thiazide) and Cardura XL (doxazosin GITS), if needed. ... - Express Pharma Pulse,

Pfizer's Norvasc reduces cardiovascular events  Feb 8, 2006
Patients receiving the beta-blocker based regimen of atenolol, received a diuretic (thiazide) and Cardura XL (doxazosin GITS), if needed. ... - Express Pharma Pulse,

FDA Approves New Treatment for Chest Pain  Feb 2, 2006
In CARISA, 823 patients on either a calcium channel blocker or beta blocker (atenolol) were randomized to Ranexa or placebo and followed for 12 weeks using a ... - Kansas City infoZine,

Critical cost of 24-hour care  Feb 4, 2006
It’s Saturday morning and Edith, a 60-year-old lady from East Lothian, has run out of the blood pressure medication atenolol. ... - The Sunday Times,

Birth-control pills and libido: Study finds link  Jan 17, 2006
Q. For several years I have been taking atenolol for my blood pressure, Zoloft for depression and Prevacid for acid reflux. During ... - SouthCoastToday.com,

Culprit in breathing difficulties  Jan 15, 2006
For several years I have been taking atenolol for my blood pressure, Zoloft for depression and Prevacid for acid reflux. During ... - Los Angeles Times,

Pacemaker Problem  Jan 16, 2006
Reader: My cardiologist has me taking a beta-blocker, atenolol, for high blood pressure. My problem is that atenolol slows my heart rate. ... - Saturday Evening Post,

Blood Pressure Concerns  Jan 16, 2006
By Douglas Zipes, MD. Reader: I am 91 years old and take atenolol 50 mg twice dally. My blood pressure is 135/53. The new suggested ... - Saturday Evening Post,

Rx for seniors: Education  Jan 15, 2006
...suffer from heart disease, stroke, heart arrhythmia, dementia and cancer, and who take such medications as Coumadin, Vasotec, Zestril, Atenolol, Aricept and ... - New York Daily News,

Managing migraine with drugs, lifestyle changes  Jan 10, 2006
Cardiovascular drugs such as beta blockers (atenolol, for example), developed to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease, also can reduce the ... - NorthJersey.com,

Harry Rush  Jan 22, 2006
...stroke, $123.59. Atenolol for blood pressure was paid entirely by Medicare. "I'm an illustration of what's going on," Rush said. "I ... - Richmond Times Dispatch,

Just see, before it catches you  Dec 9, 2005
Ergot used for headache and migraine, B-blockers (Atenolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol, Nadolol) used for cold control, Phenylpropanolamine (Ephedrine) (Allerest ... - GreaterKashmir.com (press release),

Results From New Study Show That Blood Pressure Near the Heart is ...  Nov 13, 2005
...amlodipine-based (calcium channel blocker) treatment is much more effective at reducing blood pressure near the heart than a conventional atenolol-based (beta ... - PR Newswire UK (press release),

A drug dose model for predicting clinical outcomes in hypertensive ...  Nov 10, 2005
This trial randomized 22,576 hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease to sustained-release verapamil or to atenolol as initial agents, followed by ... - HeartZine,

Norvasc better for lowering aortic blood pressure  Nov 13, 2005
..."The Norvasc-based treatment was certainly better in lowering central pressure than the atenolol-based conventional recommended treatment," said lead ... - Reuters.uk,

Avoiding migraine trigger is just part of solution  Dec 4, 2005
Cardiovascular drugs such as beta-blockers (atenolol, for example), developed to treat high blood pressure and coronary-artery disease, also can reduce the ... - Chicago Tribune,

Norvasc better than beta blockers for lowering blood pressure  Nov 14, 2005
Norvasc, produced by drug company Pfizer was better in lowering central pressure than the atenolol-based conventional recommended treatment, says lead ... - News-Medical.net,

New Ascot-BPLA Substudy Shows Coversyl's Cardioprotective Benefits ...  Nov 14, 2005
...study(2) demonstrated that a perindopril (Coversyl)-based regimen reduces central systolic and pulse pressure to a greater degree than the beta-blocker atenolol ... - news aktuell (Pressemitteilung),

The blood pressure test that could cut strokes  Nov 13, 2005
...aortic blood pressure", the researchers were able to see that the calcium channel blocker amlodipine was better than the beta blocker atenolol in reducing the ... - Telegraph.co.uk,

New Data Show Hypertensive Patients Taking Norvasc-Based Regimen ...  Nov 13, 2005
Patients receiving the beta-blocker based regimen of atenolol, received a diuretic (thiazide) and Cardura XL (doxazosin GITS), if needed. ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

Standard BP test may lead to wrong medication  Nov 14, 2005
...treatment based on amlodipine had more favorable effects on the shape of the pulse wave and pressures in the main arteries, than treatment based on atenolol. ... - Webindia123,

IRAQ: Health ministry cracks down on black-market medicines  Nov 22, 2005
When an IRIN reporter asked for a closer look at the medicine, however, it was found to be Atenolol, generally prescribed to sufferers of hypertension. ... - Reuters AlertNet,

Enlarged Heart Can Lead to Heart Attack  Nov 19, 2005
The studies stem from research on 9,193 men and women with high blood pressure treated with either Merck`s Losartan or the beta blocker atenolol. ... - PakTribune.com,

Pressure test: Pfizer trumps blockers  Nov 13, 2005
Norvasc experience a 16-percent reduction in cardiovascular events including death, compared to patients who took the generic beta blocker atenolol, said Dr ... - CNN/Money

So many choices ... Local seniors may have hundreds of options ...  Nov 14, 2005
...to consider. Someone taking Lipitor, Isosorbide, Norvasc, Atenolol and Fosamax would only have to wade through 151 plans. The details ... - Finger Lakes Times,

Procoralan(R) (Ivabradine), the First Pure Heart Rate-Lowering ...  Nov 15, 2005
...using a standardized exercise tolerance test in four double-blind randomized trials (two versus placebo, and one each versus the beta-blocker atenolol and the ... - Yahoo! News (press release)

Two Major Cardiovascular Outcomes Studies Demonstrate the ...  Nov 13, 2005
...peridopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme -- or ACE -- inhibitor) had markedly better cardiovascular outcomes than more conventional drugs (atenolol, a beta ... - PR Newswire (press release),

International Approvals: Procoralan, H101, AP2573  Nov 21, 2005
...on data from four double-blind, randomized trials that compared the antianginal and anti-ischemic efficacy of ivabradine with placebo, atenolol, and amlodipine ... - Medscape (subscription)

NJ drug costs highest in US  Nov 13, 2005
BY LORRAINE ASH. When the state of New Jersey bought a bottle of 100 50-milligram Atenolol pills for its Medicaid program in 2001, it paid $38. ... - Dailyrecord.com,

Men spared side effect from pain reliever  Nov 10, 2005
Sometimes this works to ward off the cramps, but not always. I take atenolol, Norvasc, tolazamide, Lasix and Diovan for diabetes and heart failure. ... - Bradenton Herald,

Amlodipine-Based Regimen Better Than Atenolol for Hypertension  Sep 9, 2005
Norvasc) followed by an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was more beneficial than an older approach combining the beta-blocker atenolol and a ... - Medscape (subscription)

The pill factory  Oct 9, 2005
The most popular drugs are grouped together - including tetracycline (an antibiotic), atenolol (for high blood pressure), lovastatin (for cholesterol) and ... - Daily Review Online,

Ranbaxy starts Canadian operations  Sep 22, 2005
...in the anti-infective, diabetes and cardiovascular segment including Carvedilol, Ciprofloxacin, Citalopram, Domperidone, Lovastatin, Atenolol, Metformin and ... - Business Standard,

Beta Blockers May Be Ineffective or Hurt Half of Heart Patients  Sep 27, 2005
...that everyone with a mild heart attack or uncontrolled chest pain be first treated with inexpensive beta blockers, such as the generic atenolol, which lower ... - Bloomberg

Cadila Healthcare receives US FDA approval for Ribavirin tablets  Oct 3, 2005
ANDA approvals. The group recently launched Atenolol in the US market through its US subsidiary Zydus Pharmaceuticals US Inc. The ... - Webindia123,

Interpharm Announces Revenue and Earnings for the Fiscal Year ...  Sep 29, 2005
The 3% reduction in the Company's revenue is primarily the result of decreased sales of Allopurinol and Atenolol to United Research Laboratories, Inc. ... - Black Enterprise,

Cadila Healthcare gets tentative USFDA nod for anti-viral tabs  Oct 2, 2005
So far the group has received 7 ANDA approvals. The group recently launched Atenolol in the US market through its US subsidiary Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. ... - India Infoline.com,

Rising tide of pharmaceutical pollution  Sep 28, 2005
...specifically looking for the presence of commonly used drugs that are known to pass through our systems unchanged, such as the beta-blocker atenolol, the ulcer ... - Financial Express.bd,

Affordable drugs for poor may be a reality  Sep 26, 2005
For example, Atenolol, a drug used to treat high blood pressure, is available at retail stores for Rs 20-25, wheras LOCOST enables a strip to be sold for Rs 3 ... - Ahmedabad Newsline,

Study backs newer antihypertensive drugs  Sep 14, 2005
ASCOT) showed that initiating treatment with amlodipine (Norvasc) and adding perindopril (Coversyl) if needed was superior to starting with atenolol and adding ... - AustralianDoctor.com (subscription),

Generic giant moves in from India  Sep 23, 2005
...diabetes, central nervous system and cardiovascular sectors, including Carvedilol, Ciprofloxacin, Citalopram, Domperidone, Lovastatin, Atenolol, Metformin and ... - Globe and Mail,

For every new baby, use a new mattress  Sep 12, 2005
...is that the combination of the newer drugs, amlodipine and perindopril, appears to be much better than the older mix of a beta-blocker (atenolol) and a diuretic ... - Scotsman,

Analysis: Blood-pressure guideline blurred  Sep 16, 2005
...either amlodipine, followed, if needed, by perindopril -- the so-called modern strategy, or the traditional therapy of the beta-blocker atenolol followed by ... - Monsters and Critics.com,

Ranbaxy Launches in Canada  Sep 22, 2005
...in the anti-infective, diabetes and cardiovascular space including Carvedilol, Ciprofloxacin, Citalopram, Domperidone, Lovastatin, Atenolol, Metformin and ... - Canada NewsWire (press release),

Zydus Cadila receives tentative approval for Divalproex Sodium DR ...  Sep 12, 2005
The group has received 6 ANDA approvals. The group recently launched Atenolol in the US market through Its US subsidiary Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. ... - Myiris.com,

Ranbaxy launches wholly owned arm in Canada:-  Sep 22, 2005
Canada in the anti-infective, diabetes and cardiovascular space including Carvedilol, Ciprofloxacin, Citalopram, Domperidone, Lovastatin, Atenolol and Zopiclone ... - Webindia123,

Leader Speak  Sep 21, 2005
Lariago’. ‘Atenolol’, which is also used for manufacturing of its anti-hypertensive formulation brands Tenolol and Tenoric. ... - India Infoline.com,


Other information


Indication
For the treatment of HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B (HBV)

Pharmacology
Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B (HBV). Lamivudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.

Mechanism Of Action
Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue and is phosphorylated intracellularly to its active 5'-triphosphate metabolite, lamivudine triphosphate (L-TP). This nucleoside analogue is incorporated into viral DNA by HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV polymerase, resulting in DNA chain termination.

Drug Category
Anti-HIV Agents; Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; ATC:J05AF05

Brand Names/Synonyms
3TC; Combivir; DRG-0126; Epivir; Epivir-Hbv; GR 109714X; HSDB 7155; Hepitec; Heptovir; LAMIVUDINE; Lamivudine; Lamivudine [Usan:Ban:Inn]; Trizivir; Zeffix

Dosage Forms
SOLUTION; TABLET

Absorption
Lamivudine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in HIV-infected patients. Absolute bioavailability in adults is 86% ± 16% for the tablet and 87% ± 13% for the oral solution.

Interactions
-->Interactions for Lamivudine:

Lamivudine is predominantly eliminated in the urine by active organic cationic secretion. The possibility of interactions with other drugs administered concurrently should be considered, particularly when their main route of elimination is active renal secretion via the organic cationic transport system (e.g., trimethoprim).

TMP 160 mg/SMX 800 mg once daily has been shown to increase lamivudine exposure (AUC) by 44%. No change in dose of either drug is recommended. There is no information regarding the effect on lamivudine pharmacokinetics of higher doses of TMP/SMX such as those used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. No data are available regarding interactions with other drugs that have renal clearance mechanisms similar to that of lamivudine.

Lamivudine and zalcitabine may inhibit the intracellular phosphorylation of one another. Therefore, use of lamivudine in combination with zalcitabine is not recommended.

 

 


Chemical IUPAC Name
4-amino-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one

Chemical Formula
C8H11N3O3S

Half Life
5 to 7 hours

Drug Type
Approved Drug

# Accession No
APRD00681

CAS Registry Number
134678-17-4


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