Dexamethasone: profile and news






Oscient Pharmaceuticals Reports Financial Results for Fourth ...  07 Mar 2006
Drug-drug interactions include probenicid, sucralfate, antacids containing aluminum or magnesium, iron, multivitamins containing metal cations, and didanosine. ... - Genetic Engineering News,

Flowers of Evil, Flowers of Peace  07 Mar 2006
...departure, my wife and I would devote several joyous hours to organizing into separate packets the things I would take to my family: multivitamins for everybody ... - Electronic Iraq

Recent Trend in Spain Include Combining Multivitamins with a ...  Feb 27, 2006
DUBLIN, Ireland--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Feb. 27, 2006--Recent Trend in Spain Include Combining Multivitamins with a Herbal Dietary Supplement such as Ginseng. ... - Business Wire (press release),

Multivitamins to Avoid  Feb 24, 2006
Seventy-five million Americans spend billions on multivitamins, which can help round out your nutritional diet especially if you're on a restrictive diet or you ... - KLAS-TV,

Shop Smart: Multivitamins can help some people  Feb 11, 2006
Some evidence suggests that taking multivitamins can fill such potential gaps and might reduce the risk of developing certain diseases in the over-50 group, as ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Some health experts disagree over benefits of multivitamins  Feb 15, 2006
And that, in a nutshell, is the debate over multivitamins — doctors argue people are better off getting their vitamins and minerals from food rather than a ... - Gwinnett Daily Post,

Diabetics: Laugh, try yoga  Mar 5, 2006
Your doctor can test your iron level. Multivitamins formulated for seniors or men are least likely to contain iron, but read the label to be sure. ... - The Free Lance-Star,

Can You Eat Your Way to Happiness?  Mar 5, 2006
Multivitamins provide more than the recommended daily intake of folate and B12, though Dr. Bottiglieri says that may still be too low for some people, adding ... - Better Homes and Gardens

Enhancing health with a multivitamin  Mar 1, 2006
A study printed in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2003 found that multivitamins can significantly lower CRP levels, with an observed ... - Newstarget.com,

South Africa: Aids Activist Victorious in Rath Legal Battle  Mar 3, 2006
In 2005 Rath ran a high-profile media campaign attacking antiretrovirals (ARVs) and TAC, saying the medication was poisonous, and multivitamins alone could ... - AllAfrica.com,

3 On Your Side: Eating Healthy  Mar 3, 2006
...stated Hammock. If you take multivitamins, does that mean you don't need to eat your veggies? “Don't ditch your vegetables. There ... - CBS 3,

Does Hoodia Work? 3 Ways Hoodia Helps You Lose Weight  Mar 3, 2006
...storm. Being touted as the next miracle weight loss pill, Hoodia is now being put into everything from multivitamins to Trimspa. ... - DailyIndia.com,

Vitamins to Avoid  Feb 26, 2006
February 26 - Americans spend billions on multivitamins every year, but Consumer Reports says some of us are probably wasting our money. ... - ABC30.com,

Eat all your vegetables...and white bread, too  Mar 4, 2006
While most pregnant women are prescribed multivitamins with folic acid, Oakley and others say it had been difficult to get enough folic acid to prevent birth ... - Winnipeg Free Press (subscription),

Dedicated help for chronic fatigue sufferers  Feb 28, 2006
...school. It took her a year to be referred into the dedicated service after blood tests revealed nothing and multivitamins didn't help. ... - Comet 24,

Folk remedies widely used by older adults in North Carolina  Feb 27, 2006
...and examples) are: food home remedies (honey, lemon and garlic), other home remedies (tobacco, Epsom salts, and salves), vitamins (multivitamins, folic acid ... - Food Consumer,

Claims That Are Too Good to Be True: Watching for the Red Flags in ...  Feb 28, 2006
Under a recent Federal Trade Commission investigation, the company that made the Shape Up supplements, shakes, bars and multivitamins - CSA Nutraceuticals ... - University of Arkansas Daily Headlines,

How to Eat Healthy  Feb 28, 2006
...soy on the label. Q: If you take multivitamins, does that mean you don't need to eat your veggies? A: No. Supplements can't compete ... - Good Housekeeping Magazine

How To: cure a hangover  Feb 27, 2006
So next weekend, grab a bottle of water, a banana and some multivitamins before drinking that expensive bottle of white wine and wake up feeling great. - UNLV The Rebel Yell,

Vitamin ABCs  Feb 23, 2006
February 23 - We spend $4 billion a year on multivitamins. With all the choices, it can be difficult to know just which one to take ... - ABC30.com,

The Irish claim a man's life can be divided into thirds:  Feb 27, 2006
How can that be? Isn't the baby entering a safer, smarter world, one full of seat belts, vaccines and chewable multivitamins? Yes ... - Newhouse News Service (NNS)

Stress ups miscarriage risk  Feb 27, 2006
Proper nutrition, multivitamins, folic acid and exercise can also be positive components during pregnancy. Of course, avoiding stress is key, too. ... - myDNA.com,

Clear Tips on Avoiding Cataracts  Feb 28, 2006
...murky. One study suggested that men who take multivitamins are less likely to develop cataract and to have cataract surgery. Other ... - Gilroy Dispatch (subscription),

Ped Med: Tracing ADHD's history  Feb 23, 2006
Conversely, based on findings of nutrient deficiencies in some children with ADHD, vitamins B6, zinc and, later, multivitamins were promoted as therapeutic ... - United Press International

Look good: Eat your veggies  Feb 21, 2006
...swoop. Multivitamins' antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties positively influence the appearance and elasticity of skin. Wheat ... - myDNA.com,

Ingredients for success  Feb 25, 2006
...cause of blindness. Kemin's lutein is already contained in dozens of multivitamins, including Centrum and Centrum Silver. "We think ... - DesMoinesRegister.com,

What Vitamins Should You Take?  Feb 6, 2006
Feb. 6, 2006 — Each year, Americans spend billions of dollars on multivitamins. Vitamin buyers tend to make five or six vitamin shopping trips each year. ... - ABC News

No Clear Role for Vitamin E, Beta-Carotene, or Vitamin C in the ...  Feb 15, 2006
The questionnaire asked about specific foods, multivitamins, and single-nutrient supplements (such as vitamin E or vitamin C taken alone). ... - Cancer Consultants (press release),

In Age Related Macular Degeneration Month, Zeaxanthin Plays a Role  Feb 21, 2006
...ever reaches the eye. Lutein has become increasingly popular, and is now included in many multivitamins. Zeaxanthin, however, is ... - PR Newswire (press release),

Calcium, Vitamin D Won't Protect Older Women From Fracture  Feb 15, 2006
The calcium supplement was in addition to the women's average daily calcium intake of 110 milligrams from food or multivitamins, which "is close to the ... - Forbes

Pfizer explores options for OTC drug unit  Feb 7, 2006
...be Madison, NJ-based Wyeth, which also has a portfolio of over-the-counter brands including Advil pain relievers, Dimetapp cough syrup and Centrum multivitamins ... - Miami Herald,

OTC drug unit eyed for sale or spin off  Feb 8, 2006
...bidder could be Wyeth, which also has a portfolio of over-the-counter brands including Advil pain relievers, Dimetapp cough syrup and Centrum multivitamins. ... - MSN Money

Music's started, no one's dancing  Feb 8, 2006
...received it. MVI was purchased in April 2004 as part of a suite of injectable multivitamins from aaiPharma for $US105 million. Analysts ... - Sydney Morning Herald,

California researchers find B-12 is essential to the bone health ...  Feb 13, 2006
The authors note that these results indicate that for some elderly women, simple dietary supplements of vitamin B-12 or multivitamins or dietary modification ... - Newstarget.com,

Calcium Supplements  Feb 17, 2006
The calcium supplement was in addition to what the women got from food or multivitamins. Researchers say, they were basically asking if more is better. - KBSD,

Outcomes changing opinions  Feb 7, 2006
That means a lifetime of very small portions of low-fat, low-sugar foods, daily supplements of multivitamins and minerals, and the discipline to get enough ... - Wilkes Barre Times-Leader,

Business briefs  Feb 9, 2006
...possible bidder could be Madison, NJ-based Wyeth, which also has a portfolio of over-the-counter brands including Advil pain relievers and Centrum multivitamins ... - Lansing State Journal,

DOH sets up 191 more Botica ng Barangay in Eastern Visayas  Feb 3, 2006
Essential drugs such amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, aluminum hydroxide, mefenemic, paracetamol, multivitamins, salbutamol, lagundi, sambong are among those ... - Philippine Information Agency,

Valley residents fill food bins for needy Thousands of items ...  Feb 12, 2006
They provided customers with red-colored fliers listing the most-needed food items, including soups, juices, children's multivitamins, canned vegetables, pastas ... - Waterbury Republican American,

CROI: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduces adverse birth outcomes in ...  Feb 15, 2006
Standard care offered to women in this study included malaria prophylaxis, multivitamins and single dose nevirapine during delivery. ... - Aidsmap,

Prepare yourself for pandemic  Feb 15, 2006
...necessities (toilet paper, paper towels, plastic bags, tissues, plain bleach, soaps and detergents, batteries, masks, latex gloves, sugar, salt, multivitamins. ... - The News-Press,

Upcoming Event: State-of-the-Science Conference on Multivitamin ...  Feb 10, 2006
...of Research of the National Institutes of Health are convening a Consensus Conference on the State of the Science regarding MultiVitamins and Minerals and ... - NPIcenter (press release),

Getting a leg up on the field  Feb 19, 2006
CEO Tony Sanzari was brewing JavaFit, the "first functional gourmet coffee" with multivitamins, extra caffeine or green tea extract. ... - Sun-Sentinel.com,

GenSpec Formulates the World's First Genetically Specific Vitamins ...  Feb 7, 2006
...supplement, which is currently in development," adds Lander, who would like to expand the GenSpec product line by introducing a children's line of multivitamins ... - Yahoo! News (press release)


Other information


Indication
For use in the treatment of allergic, rheumatic, or inflammatory conditions

Pharmacology
Dexamethasone and its derivatives, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions.

Mechanism Of Action
Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. This results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Drug Category
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Glucocorticoids; Antiemetics; Anti-inflammatory Agents; Adrenergic Agents; ATC:A01AC02; ATC:C05AA09; ATC:D07AB19; ATC:D07XB05; ATC:D10AA03; ATC:H02AB02; ATC:R01AD03; ATC:S01BA01; ATC:S01CB01; ATC:S02BA06; ATC:S03BA01

Brand Names/Synonyms
.Gamma.Corten; Adexone; Aeroseb-D; Aeroseb-Dex; Anaflogistico; Aphtasolon; Aphthasolone; Auxiron; Azium; Bisu Ds; CCRIS 7067; Calonat; Corson; Corsone; Cortisumman; DEX; DRG-0013; DXM; Decacort; Decacortin; Decaderm; Decadron; Decadron Tablets, Elixir; Decadron-La; Decagel; Decalix; Decasone; Decaspray; Dectancyl; Dekacort; Deltafluorene; Dergramin; Deronil; Desadrene; Desametasone; Desametasone [Dcit]; Desamethasone; Desameton; Deseronil; Dex-Ide; Dexa; Dexa Mamallet; Dexa-Cortidelt; Dexa-Cortisyl; Dexa-Mamallet; Dexa-Scheroson; Dexa-Sine; Dexacen-4; Dexacidin; Dexacort; Dexacortal; Dexacortin; Dexadeltone; Dexafarma; Dexair; Dexalona; Dexaltin; Dexametasona [Inn-Spanish]; Dexameth; Dexamethasone; Dexamethasone Acetate; Dexamethasone Alcohol; Dexamethasone Base; Dexamethasone Intensol; Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate; Dexamethasone [Ban:Inn:Jan]; Dexamethasonum [Inn-Latin]; Dexamethazone; Dexamonozon; Dexapolcort; Dexapos; Dexaprol; Dexason; Dexasone; Dexinolon; Dexinoral; Dexone; Dexone 0.5; Dexone 0.75; Dexone 1.5; Dexone 4; Dexonium; Dextelan; Dezone; Dinormon; Dxms; Fluormethylprednisolone; Fluormone; Fluorocort; Fortecortin; Gammacorten; HSDB 3053; Hexadecadrol; Hexadrol; Hexadrol Elixir; Hexadrol Tablets; Hl-Dex; Isopto-Dex; Lokalison F; Loverine; Luxazone; MK 125; Maxidex; Maxitrol; Mediamethasone; Mexidex; Millicorten; Mymethasone; NSC 34521; Ocu-Trol; Oradexon; Pet Derm Iii; Pet-Derm Iii; Policort; Prednisolon F; Prednisolone F; Sk-Dexamethasone; Spoloven; Sunia Sol D; Superprednol; Tobradex; Turbinaire; Visumetazone

Dosage Forms
DROPS; ELIXIR; IMPLANT; LIQUID; OINTMENT; POWDER; SOLUTION; TABLET

Absorption
80-90%

Interactions
-->Interactions for Dexamethasone:

Aminoglutethimide: Aminoglutethimide may diminish adrenal suppression by corticosteroids.

Amphotericin B injection and potassium-depleting agents: When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting agents (e.g., amphotericin B, diuretics), patients should be observed closely for development of hypokalemia. In addition, there have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure.

Antibiotics: Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to cause a significant decrease in corticosteroid clearance.

Anticholinesterases: Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents and corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy.

Anticoagulants, oral: Co-administration of corticosteroids and warfarin usually results in inhibition of response to warfarin, although there have been some conflicting reports. Therefore, coagulation indices should be monitored frequently to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect.

Antidiabetics: Because corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations, dosage adjustments of antidiabetic agents may be required.

Antitubercular drugs: Serum concentrations of isoniazid may be decreased. Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine may increase the clearance of corticosteroids. Cyclosporine: Increased activity of both cyclosporine and corticosteroids may occur when the two are used concurrently. Convulsions have been reported with this concurrent use.

Dexamethasone suppression test (DST): False-negative results in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients being treated with indomethacin have been reported. Thus, results of the DST should be interpreted with caution in these patients.

Digitalis glycosides: Patients on digitalis glycosides may be at increased risk of arrhythmias due to hypokalemia.

Ephedrine: Ephedrine may enhance the metabolic clearance of corticosteroids, resulting in decreased blood levels and lessened physiologic activity, thus requiring an increase in corticosteroid dosage.

Estrogens, including oral contraceptives: Estrogens may decrease the hepatic metabolism of certain corticosteroids, thereby increasing their effect.

Hepatic Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors and Substrates: Drugs which induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) enzyme activity (e.g., barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin) may enhance the metabolism of corticosteroids and require that the dosage of the corticosteroid be increased. Drugs which inhibit CYP 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin) have the potential to result in increased plasma concentrations of corticosteroids. Dexamethasone is a moderate inducer of CYP 3A4. Co-administration with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP 3A4 (e.g., indinavir, erythromycin) may increase their clearance, resulting in decreased plasma concentration.

Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%, leading to increased risk of corticosteroid side effects. In addition, ketoconazole alone can inhibit adrenal corticosteroid synthesis and may cause adrenal insufficiency during corticosteroid withdrawal.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS): Concomitant use of aspirin (or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents) and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Aspirin should be used cautiously in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia. The clearance of salicylates may be increased with concurrent use of corticosteroids.

Phenytoin: In post-marketing experience, there have been reports of both increases and decreases in phenytoin levels with dexamethasone co-administration, leading to alterations in seizure control.

Skin tests: Corticosteroids may suppress reactions to skin tests.

Thalidomide: Co-administration with thalidomide should be employed cautiously, as toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported with concomitant use.

Vaccines: Patients on corticosteroid therapy may exhibit a diminished response to toxoids and live or inactivated vaccines due to inhibition of antibody response. Corticosteroids may also potentiate the replication of some organisms contained in live attenuated vaccines. Routine administration of vaccines or toxoids should be deferred until corticosteroid therapy is discontinued if possible.



Chemical IUPAC Name
9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one

Chemical Formula
C22H29FO5

Half Life
36-54 hours

Drug Type
Approved Drug

# Accession No
APRD00674

CAS Registry Number
50-02-2

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