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Dexamethasone: profile and news
Oscient Pharmaceuticals Reports Financial Results for Fourth ... 07 Mar 2006 Flowers of Evil, Flowers of Peace 07 Mar 2006 Recent Trend in Spain Include Combining Multivitamins with a ... Feb 27, 2006 Multivitamins to Avoid Feb 24, 2006 Shop Smart: Multivitamins can help some people Feb 11, 2006 Some health experts disagree over benefits of multivitamins Feb 15, 2006 Diabetics: Laugh, try yoga Mar 5, 2006 Can You Eat Your Way to Happiness? Mar 5, 2006 Enhancing health with a multivitamin Mar 1, 2006 South Africa: Aids Activist Victorious in Rath Legal Battle Mar 3, 2006 3 On Your Side: Eating Healthy Mar 3, 2006 Does Hoodia Work? 3 Ways Hoodia Helps You Lose Weight Mar 3, 2006 Vitamins to Avoid Feb 26, 2006 Eat all your vegetables...and white bread, too Mar 4, 2006 Dedicated help for chronic fatigue sufferers Feb 28, 2006 Folk remedies widely used by older adults in North Carolina Feb 27, 2006 Claims That Are Too Good to Be True: Watching for the Red Flags in ... 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Feb 13, 2006 Calcium Supplements Feb 17, 2006 Outcomes changing opinions Feb 7, 2006 Business briefs Feb 9, 2006 DOH sets up 191 more Botica ng Barangay in Eastern Visayas Feb 3, 2006 Valley residents fill food bins for needy Thousands of items ... Feb 12, 2006 CROI: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduces adverse birth outcomes in ... Feb 15, 2006 Prepare yourself for pandemic Feb 15, 2006 Upcoming Event: State-of-the-Science Conference on Multivitamin ... Feb 10, 2006 Getting a leg up on the field Feb 19, 2006 GenSpec Formulates the World's First Genetically Specific Vitamins ... Feb 7, 2006 Other information Indication For use in the treatment of allergic, rheumatic, or inflammatory conditions Pharmacology Dexamethasone and its derivatives, dexamethasone sodium phosphate and dexamethasone acetate, are synthetic glucocorticoids. Used for its antiinflammatory or immunosuppressive properties and ability to penetrate the CNS, dexamethasone is used alone to manage cerebral edema and with tobramycin to treat corticosteroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions. Mechanism Of Action Unbound dexamethasone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. This results in a modification of transcription and, hence, protein synthesis in order to achieve inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Drug Category Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Glucocorticoids; Antiemetics; Anti-inflammatory Agents; Adrenergic Agents; ATC:A01AC02; ATC:C05AA09; ATC:D07AB19; ATC:D07XB05; ATC:D10AA03; ATC:H02AB02; ATC:R01AD03; ATC:S01BA01; ATC:S01CB01; ATC:S02BA06; ATC:S03BA01 Brand Names/Synonyms .Gamma.Corten; Adexone; Aeroseb-D; Aeroseb-Dex; Anaflogistico; Aphtasolon; Aphthasolone; Auxiron; Azium; Bisu Ds; CCRIS 7067; Calonat; Corson; Corsone; Cortisumman; DEX; DRG-0013; DXM; Decacort; Decacortin; Decaderm; Decadron; Decadron Tablets, Elixir; Decadron-La; Decagel; Decalix; Decasone; Decaspray; Dectancyl; Dekacort; Deltafluorene; Dergramin; Deronil; Desadrene; Desametasone; Desametasone [Dcit]; Desamethasone; Desameton; Deseronil; Dex-Ide; Dexa; Dexa Mamallet; Dexa-Cortidelt; Dexa-Cortisyl; Dexa-Mamallet; Dexa-Scheroson; Dexa-Sine; Dexacen-4; Dexacidin; Dexacort; Dexacortal; Dexacortin; Dexadeltone; Dexafarma; Dexair; Dexalona; Dexaltin; Dexametasona [Inn-Spanish]; Dexameth; Dexamethasone; Dexamethasone Acetate; Dexamethasone Alcohol; Dexamethasone Base; Dexamethasone Intensol; Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate; Dexamethasone [Ban:Inn:Jan]; Dexamethasonum [Inn-Latin]; Dexamethazone; Dexamonozon; Dexapolcort; Dexapos; Dexaprol; Dexason; Dexasone; Dexinolon; Dexinoral; Dexone; Dexone 0.5; Dexone 0.75; Dexone 1.5; Dexone 4; Dexonium; Dextelan; Dezone; Dinormon; Dxms; Fluormethylprednisolone; Fluormone; Fluorocort; Fortecortin; Gammacorten; HSDB 3053; Hexadecadrol; Hexadrol; Hexadrol Elixir; Hexadrol Tablets; Hl-Dex; Isopto-Dex; Lokalison F; Loverine; Luxazone; MK 125; Maxidex; Maxitrol; Mediamethasone; Mexidex; Millicorten; Mymethasone; NSC 34521; Ocu-Trol; Oradexon; Pet Derm Iii; Pet-Derm Iii; Policort; Prednisolon F; Prednisolone F; Sk-Dexamethasone; Spoloven; Sunia Sol D; Superprednol; Tobradex; Turbinaire; Visumetazone Dosage Forms DROPS; ELIXIR; IMPLANT; LIQUID; OINTMENT; POWDER; SOLUTION; TABLET Absorption 80-90% Interactions -->Interactions for Dexamethasone: Aminoglutethimide: Aminoglutethimide may diminish adrenal suppression by corticosteroids. Amphotericin B injection and potassium-depleting agents: When corticosteroids are administered concomitantly with potassium-depleting agents (e.g., amphotericin B, diuretics), patients should be observed closely for development of hypokalemia. In addition, there have been cases reported in which concomitant use of amphotericin B and hydrocortisone was followed by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure. Antibiotics: Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to cause a significant decrease in corticosteroid clearance. Anticholinesterases: Concomitant use of anticholinesterase agents and corticosteroids may produce severe weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. If possible, anticholinesterase agents should be withdrawn at least 24 hours before initiating corticosteroid therapy. Anticoagulants, oral: Co-administration of corticosteroids and warfarin usually results in inhibition of response to warfarin, although there have been some conflicting reports. Therefore, coagulation indices should be monitored frequently to maintain the desired anticoagulant effect. Antidiabetics: Because corticosteroids may increase blood glucose concentrations, dosage adjustments of antidiabetic agents may be required. Antitubercular drugs: Serum concentrations of isoniazid may be decreased. Cholestyramine: Cholestyramine may increase the clearance of corticosteroids. Cyclosporine: Increased activity of both cyclosporine and corticosteroids may occur when the two are used concurrently. Convulsions have been reported with this concurrent use. Dexamethasone suppression test (DST): False-negative results in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients being treated with indomethacin have been reported. Thus, results of the DST should be interpreted with caution in these patients. Digitalis glycosides: Patients on digitalis glycosides may be at increased risk of arrhythmias due to hypokalemia. Ephedrine: Ephedrine may enhance the metabolic clearance of corticosteroids, resulting in decreased blood levels and lessened physiologic activity, thus requiring an increase in corticosteroid dosage. Estrogens, including oral contraceptives: Estrogens may decrease the hepatic metabolism of certain corticosteroids, thereby increasing their effect. Hepatic Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors and Substrates: Drugs which induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) enzyme activity (e.g., barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin) may enhance the metabolism of corticosteroids and require that the dosage of the corticosteroid be increased. Drugs which inhibit CYP 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin) have the potential to result in increased plasma concentrations of corticosteroids. Dexamethasone is a moderate inducer of CYP 3A4. Co-administration with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP 3A4 (e.g., indinavir, erythromycin) may increase their clearance, resulting in decreased plasma concentration. Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole has been reported to decrease the metabolism of certain corticosteroids by up to 60%, leading to increased risk of corticosteroid side effects. In addition, ketoconazole alone can inhibit adrenal corticosteroid synthesis and may cause adrenal insufficiency during corticosteroid withdrawal. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS): Concomitant use of aspirin (or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents) and corticosteroids increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Aspirin should be used cautiously in conjunction with corticosteroids in hypoprothrombinemia. The clearance of salicylates may be increased with concurrent use of corticosteroids. Phenytoin: In post-marketing experience, there have been reports of both increases and decreases in phenytoin levels with dexamethasone co-administration, leading to alterations in seizure control. Skin tests: Corticosteroids may suppress reactions to skin tests. Thalidomide: Co-administration with thalidomide should be employed cautiously, as toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported with concomitant use. Vaccines: Patients on corticosteroid therapy may exhibit a diminished response to toxoids and live or inactivated vaccines due to inhibition of antibody response. Corticosteroids may also potentiate the replication of some organisms contained in live attenuated vaccines. Routine administration of vaccines or toxoids should be deferred until corticosteroid therapy is discontinued if possible. Chemical IUPAC Name 9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Chemical Formula C22H29FO5 Half Life 36-54 hours Drug Type Approved Drug # Accession No APRD00674 CAS Registry Number 50-02-2 |
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