Calan: profile and news






Route 19 work begins in Cranberry  06 Mar 2006
A $2.3 million improvement project is under way at the intersection of Rochester Road and Route 19 in Cranberry. The contractor ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Decas fortifies cranberries with omega-3  06 Mar 2006
3/6/2006 - Decas Cranberry Products (DCP) has fortified sweetened organic cranberries with omega-3 – an enhancement that could help formulators improve the ... - NutraIngredients-usa.com,

Don't Limit Cranberries to Thanksgiving  06 Mar 2006
Try adding cranberries to whole-grain cereal, serving cranberry chutney over poultry or adding dried cranberries to granola. Cranberry ... - eMaxHealth.com,

Latest deaths for March 7, 2006  06 Mar 2006
HARKINS, Anna M. Paracca, of Hampton, died March 5. Devlin Funeral Home, Cranberry. ... BAIR, Byron Burke, 73, died March 4. Glenn-Kildoo Funeral Home, Cranberry. ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Tomah Boys & Girls Club banquet Saturday  06 Mar 2006
By Staff. There is still time to reserve a seat at the table for the Boys & Girls Club of the Tomah Area banquet on Saturday at Cranberry Country Lodge. ... - The Tomah Journal,

Maserati Quattroporte GT at the Baglioni Hotel  06 Mar 2006
The bar’s signature drink is made of Finlandia vodka, peach liqueur and cranberry juice, topped with a shimmering layer of real gold dust and white rose ... - Luxist,

Women! Stand Up and Rejoice, a Juicy Escape From Ordinary ...  06 Mar 2006
Available in four varieties including Blueberry Pomegranate, Strawberry Passion Fruit, Pear Lemon and Cranberry Peach, PEELS offer exactly what the women of ... - PR Newswire (press release),

Baseball Battles Ohio On Tuesday  06 Mar 2006
Ryan Dukovich, Josh Hungerman and Brian Long each call Pittsburgh home, while Kyle McGuire (Cranberry Township), Sam Clyde (Georgetown), Jason Bartnicki ... - CSU Vikings,

A Diversifying Purdue Pharma Hopes to Regain Control of Its ...  06 Mar 2006
..."Our research capacity has dropped by about 80 percent.". The company's drug discovery unit in Cranberry, NJ, went from 154 people to 27. ... - International News Service,

All or nothing  06 Mar 2006
...done.�. Aker, a starting forward from Cranberry Township, returned to IUP and the team of which he has become such an integral part. ... - Indiana University The Penn Online,

Lander-Antonis  06 Mar 2006
Inn. The bride is a graduate of Cranberry High School in Seneca, Pa., and Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pa. She ... - Beaver County Times,

Ancient cuisine, modern times  06 Mar 2006
...bread spread with shrimp dip, tabbouleh (a parsley salad), the exquisite hummus with fresh baked pita bread, fruit salad dressed with cranberry juice and orange ... - South Bend Tribune,

Tractor Tax Bill Now Heads to Governor's Desk for Signing  06 Mar 2006
Towns, a Janesville Republican, says a variety of agricultural groups representing dairy, beef, soybean, potato, pork and cranberry interests have registered ... - Wisconsin Ag Connection,

Regional digest  06 Mar 2006
As officers were finishing their investigation, they heard more ATVs in the area and located two men riding in a sand pit off Cranberry Meadow Road. ... - Worcester Telegram (subscription),

Cranberry students take science prizes  Mar 4, 2006
How can you remove fingerprints from unusual surfaces? These and other scientific questions were answered by students at Cranberry Elementary School. ... - Charlotte Sun-Herald,

Sunday North Bulletin Board  Mar 4, 2006
Cranberry -- The Myasthenia Gravis Association and others host the 12th annual Sports Memorabilia Auction from 1 to 4 pm next Sunday at North Park Lounge ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Tri-City Speedway Cranberry Mall Show slated for March 9-12  Feb 27, 2006
For the tenth year in a row, the Cranberry Mall in ... Many of Tri-City’s weekly competitors will have their new cars on display at the Cranberry Mall Show. ... - WhoWon.com,

New system expected to ease concerns about Cranberry Elementary ...  Feb 28, 2006
Cranberry Elementary School parents should have an easier time tracking what their children are eating for lunch next year. The ... - Oil City Derrick,

Decas Cranberry Products, Inc. Introduces Certified Organic Omega ...  Mar 1, 2006
Decas Cranberry Products, Inc. (DCP), the largest independently-owned cranberry ingredient company in the world, today introduced ... - Business Wire (press release),

Cranberry T-Shirt Design Contest to be Held for Fourth Graders  Mar 2, 2006
Entries for the contest, sponsored by the Wisconsin Cranberry Discovery Center in Warrens, are due March 20. The Wisconsin Cranberry ... - Wisconsin Ag Connection,

Cranberry trailer court to close  Mar 2, 2006
Blair's Green Acres Mobile Court in Cranberry Township will close April 12, and all water, sewage, gas and garbage collection services will be terminated. ... - Oil City Derrick,

Redbank tops Cranberry  Feb 23, 2006
5 Cranberry, 64-60, to advance to meet top seed Moniteau in the District 9 semifinals on Monday. ... Cranberry outscored Redbank Valley, 22-6, in the period. ... - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review,

Survey: Many Would Like N. Catholic In Cranberry  Feb 24, 2006
...(AP) CRANBERRY A survey shows parishioners and students' parents strongly support moving North Catholic High School from Pittsburgh to Cranberry Township ... - KDKA,

Cranberry supports regional booking centers  Feb 25, 2006
Cranberry supervisors have voiced support for a regional booking center at the township's police headquarters, saying they don't believe officers will be asked ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Cranberry officials trying to reduce Breakneck treatment plant ...  Feb 25, 2006
Cranberry is sending out a warning to restaurants and other businesses that produce fats, oils, and greases: Dumping your waste down the drain will no longer ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Outdoor burning warning issued in Cranberry  Feb 23, 2006
Frank Pankratz, secretary-treasurer for Cranberry Township, told the township supervisors at a meeting Thursday that the Department of Environmental Protection ... - Oil City Derrick,

Anti-inflammatory Activity of a High-molecular-weight Cranberry ...  Feb 23, 2006
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-dialyzable material prepared from cranberry juice concentrate on the pro-inflammatory cytokine ... - Journal of Dental Research

Plan for church, school gathers steam in Cranberry  Feb 8, 2006
By Joan Greene. An ambitious plan to build a new church and Catholic elementary school in Cranberry is edging closer to reality. ... - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review,

Cranberry pitches in its $20,000 to Oil Region Alliance fund  Feb 9, 2006
Randy Seitz, president of Venango County's lead economic development agency, was preaching to the choir Thursday in a visit to Cranberry Township. ... - Oil City Derrick,

WFBF Contributes to Wisconsin Cranberry Center  Feb 8, 2006
The Wisconsin Farm Bureau Foundation has contributed $1,000.00 to the 2006 Friends of the Wisconsin Cranberry Discovery Center Fund Drive. ... - Wisconsin Ag Connection,

Cranberry Discovery Center Hits 50,000 Attendance Mark  Feb 6, 2006
In just over a year's time, the newly opened Wisconsin Cranberry Discovery Center in Warrens has already had 50,000 people go through its doors. ... - Wisconsin Ag Connection,

Cards, Raiders stand tall at Cranberry meet  Feb 12, 2006
SOMERSET -- Officially, Barnstable and Bridgewater-Raynhamwere the winners in the Cranberry Gymnastics Conference championships held Saturday at North ... - Fall River Herald News,

Cranberry Mould  Feb 10, 2006
If you are interested in Cranberry Mould or any of our other pets, please contact Liberty Humane Society at 201-547-4147 or visit our website at libertyhumane ... - Dailyrecord.com,

Barnstable gymnasts capture Cranberry  Feb 11, 2006
SOMERSET - Allison Szatek led undefeated Barnstable to victory in the Cranberry League Gymnastics Meet yesterday. Szatek took the ... - Cape Cod Times,

Cranberry Elementary students enjoy pep rally  Feb 3, 2006
Cranberry Elementary School students have forsaken their usual school colors of cranberry and white for black and gold in anticipation of Pittsburgh's trip to ... - Oil City Derrick,

Town Eyes Walking Trails Near Sand Pond Cranberry Bog  Feb 8, 2006
...voted to allow the sale to go forward upon receiving an affidavit from the buyer stating the intent to keep the nearly seven-acre Dodge Cranberry Bog active ... - Cape Cod Chronicle,

Cranberry Chocolate Bread  Feb 6, 2006
With an electric beater, beat in the shortening until smooth. Stir in the eggs, cranberry juice, and chocolate syrup until thoroughly combined. ... - WDTN,

Recipe: Pork with Cranberry Sauce  Feb 8, 2006
Sprinkle pork chops on both sides with salt and pepper. Finely chop onion; set aside. Heat vegetable oil in a wide skillet on high heat. ... - Cherry Hill Courier Post,

Cranberry to try again to control sewage odor  Feb 9, 2006
Now, Cranberry is poised to spend $700,000 to $800,000 in an effort to put a better cap on the odors that have been emanating from the Brush Creek sewage ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

People's Pharmacy: Cranberry juice, Coumadin can be a dangerous ...  Feb 11, 2006
At the time I had been drinking a lot of cranberry juice. ... I was having frequent nosebleeds. I stopped the cranberry juice, and my nosebleeds went away. ... - Bryan College Station Eagle,

Cranberry Herb Sauce  Feb 13, 2006
1. Cook and stir onions and garlic in oil in a large saucepan over medium heat until onions are softened. 2. Add cranberries, water ... - SheKnows.com,

Business Calendar  Mar 4, 2006
...careerdevelopmentcenter.org. Professional Referral Exchange, Cranberry Chapter -- 7:15 am, North Park Deck House, 20810 Route 19, Cranberry. Chapter ... - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review,

Readers celebrate special moments in time  Mar 5, 2006
..."They excitedly exclaimed 'YES,' and then explained that they had run out of lemonade but had just made some Crystal Light Cranberry. ... - Inside Bay Area,

Edison Woods Preserve offers wealth of woody wetlands beauty  Mar 5, 2006
It's an important ecological area with headwaters to a tributary of Old Woman Creek, a key Lake Erie estuary, and Cranberry Creek. ... - Akron Beacon Journal,

Booking centers OK'd by county  Mar 4, 2006
...the matter because of a variety of questions and concern about municipal support for the idea of establishing two booking centers -- one in Cranberry and one ... - Pittsburgh Post Gazette,

Pennsylvania business news in brief  Mar 3, 2006
CRANBERRY, Pa. (AP) - Teen retail clothing chain rue21 opened its new national headquarters Thursday in Cranberry, about 20 miles north of Pittsburgh. ... - Centre Daily Times,

Development continues at new plaza  Mar 4, 2006
The new development at Cranberry Creek, just off Eisenhower Drive in Beckley, continues to be developed with construction well under way on the new Marquee ... - Beckley Register-Herald (subscription),

DCP rolls out organic Omega-3 fortified sweetened dried ...  Mar 1, 2006
Independently owned cranberry ingredient company Decas Cranberry Products (DCP) has introduced an organic version of its premium sweetened dried cranberries. ... - Food Business Review


Other information


Indication
For the treatment of hypertension and angina.

Pharmacology
Verapamil, a class IV antiarrhythmic agent, is used as a calcium-channel blocking (CCB) agent for the treatment of angina, hypertension, and for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Mechanism Of Action
Possibly by deforming the channel, inhibiting ion-control gating mechanisms, and/or interfering with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, verapamil, like diltiazem, inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium across both the myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes. The resultant inhibition of the contractile processes of the myocardial smooth muscle cells leads to dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries,improved oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, and decreased total peripheral resistance, systemic blood pressure, and afterload.

Drug Category
Vasodilator Agents; Antiarrhythmic Agents; Calcium-channel blocking agents; ATC:C08DA01

Brand Names/Synonyms
Apo-Verap; Arpamyl; Berkatens; Calan; Calan Sr; Cardiagutt; Cardibeltin; Cordilox; Covera-Hs; D-365; Dignover; Dilacoran; Drosteakard; Geangin; Iproveratril; Isoptimo; Isoptin; Isoptin Sr; Novo-Veramil; Nu-Verap; Quasar; Securon; Univer; VERAPAMIL; Vasolan; Veracim; Veramex; Verapamil; Verapamil Hcl; Verapamil [Usan:Ban:Inn]; Verapamilo [Inn-Spanish]; Verapamilum [Inn-Latin]; Veraptin; Verelan; Verelan Pm; Verexamil

Dosage Forms
CAPSULE (SUSTAINED-RELEASE); LIQUID; SOLUTION; TABLET; TABLET (EXTENDED-RELEASE)

Absorption
90%

Interactions
-->Interactions for Verapamil:

Verapamil undergoes biotransformation by predominantly CYP3A4, however CYP1A2 and members of the CYP2C subfamily are involved in its metabolism. Coadministration of verapamil with other drugs metabolized by the above-mentioned enzymes may alter the bioavailability of either verapmail and/or the other drugs. Therefore, coadministration of narrow therapeutic index drugs with similar metabolic pathwyas as verapamil should be carefully monitored. Similarly, verapamil plasma levels in patients with hepatic cysfuction whould be carefully monitored, due to decreased clearanc of verapmil in these patients.

Alcohol: Verapamil has been found to inhibit ethanol elimination significantly, resulting in elevated blood ethanol concentrations that may prolong the intoxicating effects of alcohol .

Antineoplastic Agents: Verapamil can increase the efficacy of doxorubicin both in tissue culture systems and in patients. It raises the serum doxorubicin levels. The absorption of verapamil can be reduced by the cyclophosphamide, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone (COPP) and the vindesine, adriamycin, cisplatin (VAC) cytotoxic drug regimens. Concomitant administration of R verapamil can decrease the clearance of paclitaxel.

Aspirin: In a few reported cases, coadministration of verapamil with aspirin has led to increased bleeding times greater than observed with aspirin alone.

Beta-Blockers: Controlled studies in small numbers of patients suggest that the concomitant use of verapamil and oral beta-adrenergic blocking agents may be beneficial in certain patients with chronic stable angina or hypertension, but available information is not sufficient to predict with confidence the effects of concurrent treatment in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or cardiac conduction abnormalities. Concomitant therapy with beta-adrenergic blockers and verapamil may result in additive negative effects on hear rate, atrioventricular conduction and/or cardiac contractility.

The combination of sustained-release verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocking agents has not been studied. However, there have been reports of excessive bradycardia and AV block, including complete heart block, when the combination has been used for the treatment of hypertension. For hypertensive patients, the risks of combined therapy may outweigh the potential benefits. The combination should be used only with caution and close monitoring.

In one study involving 15 patients treated with high doses of propranolol (median dose, 480 mg/day; range 160 to 1280 mg/day) for severe angina, with preserved left ventricular function (ejection fraction greater than 35%), the hemodynamic effects of additional therapy with verapamil HCl were assessed using invasive methods. The addition of verapamil to high-dose beta-blockers induced modest negative inotropic and chronotropic effects that were not severe enough to limit short-term (48 hours) combination therapy in this study. These modest cardiodepressant effects persisted for greater than 6 but less than 30 hours after abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockers and were closely related to plasma levels of propranolol. The primary verapamil/beta-blocker interaction in this study appeared to be hemodynamic rather than electrophysiologic.

In other studies verapamil did not generally induce significant negative inotropic, chronotropic, or dromotropic effects in patients with preserved left ventricular function receiving low or moderate doses of propranolol (less than or equal to 320 mg/day); in some patients, however, combined therapy did produce such effects. Therefore, if combined therapy is used, close surveillance of clinical status should be carried out. Combined therapy should usually be avoided in patients with atrio-ventricular conduction abnormalities and those with depressed left ventricular function.

Asymptomatic bradycardia (36 beats/min) with a wandering atrial pacemaker has been observed in a patient receiving concomitant timolol (a beta-adrenergic blocker) eyedrops and oral verapamil.

A decrease in metoprolol and propranolol clearance has been observed when either drug is administered concomitantly with verapamil. A variable effect has been seen when verapamil and atenolol were given together.

Digitalis: Clinical use of verapamil in digitalized patients has shown the combination to be well tolerated if digoxin doses are properly adjusted. However, chronic verapamil treatment can increase serum digoxin levels by 50% to 75% during the first week of therapy, and this can result in digitalis toxicity. In patients with hepatic cirrhosis, the influence of verapamil on digoxin kinetics is magnified. Verapamil may reduce total body clearance and extrarenal clearance of digitoxin by 27% and 29%, respectively. Maintenance and digitalization doses should be reduced when verapamil is administered, and the patient should be reassessed to avoid over- or underdigitalization. Whenever overdigitalization is suspected, the daily dose of digitalis should be reduced or temporarily discontinued. On discontinuation of verapamil HCl use, the patient should be reassessed to avoid underdigitalization. In previous clinical trials with other verapamil formulations related to the control of ventricular response in digitalized patients who had atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, ventricular rates below 50/min at rest occurred in 15% of patients, and asymptomatic hypotension occurred in 5% of patients.

Antihypertensive Agents: Verapamil administered concomitantly with oral antihypertensive agents (e.g., vasodilators, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers) will usually have an additive effect on lowering blood pressure. Patients receiving these combinations should be appropriately monitored. Concomitant use of agents that attenuate alpha-adrenergic function with verapamil may result in a reduction in blood pressure that is excessive in some patients. Such an effect was observed in one study following the concomitant administration of verapamil and prazosin.

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Disopyramide: Until data on possible interactions between verapamil and disopyramide are obtained, disopyramide should not be administered within 48 hours before or 24 hours after verapamil administration.

Flecainide: A study in healthy volunteers showed that the concomitant administration of flecainide and verapamil may have additive effects on myocardial contractility, AV conduction, and repolarization. Concomitant therapy with flecainide and verapamil may result in additive negative inotropic effect and prolongation of atrioventricular conduction.

Quinidine: In a small number of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (IHSS), concomitant use of verapamil and quinidine resulted in significant hypotension. Until further data are obtained, combined therapy of verapamil and quinidine in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should probably be avoided.

The electrophysiologic effects of quinidine and verapamil on AV conduction were studied in 8 patients. Verapamil significantly counteracted the effects of quinidine on AV conduction. There has been a report of increased quinidine levels during verapamil therapy.

Other

Nitrates: Verapamil has been given concomitantly with short- and long-acting nitrates without any undesirable drug interactions. The pharmacologic profile of both drugs and the clinical experience suggest beneficial interactions.

Cimetidine: The interaction between cimetidine and chronically administered verapamil has not been studied. Variable results on clearance have been obtained in acute studies of healthy volunteers; clearance of verapamil was either reduced or unchanged.

Lithium: Increased sensitivity to the effects of lithium (neurotoxicity) has been reported during concomitant verapamil-lithium therapy; lithium levels have been observed sometimes to increase, sometimes to decrease, and sometimes to be unchanged. Patients receiving both drugs must be monitored carefully.

Carbamazepine: Verapamil therapy may increase carbamazepine concentrations during combined therapy. This may produce carbamazepine side effects such as diplopia, headache, ataxia, or dizziness.

Rifampin: Therapy with rifampin may markedly reduce oral verapamil bioavailability.

Phenobarbital: Phenobarbital therapy may increase verapamil clearance.

Cyclosporin: Verapamil therapy may increase serum levels of cyclosporin.

Theophylline: Verapamil may inhibit the clearance and increase the plasma levels of theophylline.

Inhalation Anesthetics: Animal experiments have shown that inhalation anesthetics depress cardiovascular activity by decreasing the inward movement of calcium ions. When used concomitantly, inhalation anesthetics and calcium antagonists, such as verapamil, should each be titrated carefully to avoid excessive cardiovascular depression.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Clinical data and animal studies suggest that verapamil may potentiate the activity of neuromuscular blocking agents (curare-like and depolarizing). It may be necessary to decrease the dose of verapamil and/or the dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent when the drugs are used concomitantly.



Chemical IUPAC Name
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl-methyl-amino]-2-(1-methylethyl)pentanenitrile

Chemical Formula
C27H38N2O4

Half Life
2.8-7.4 hours

Drug Type
Approved Drug

# Accession No
APRD00335

CAS Registry Number
52-53-9

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