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Allopurinol: profile and news
Nabi Biopharmaceuticals to Present at the Lehman Brothers Ninth ... Mar 3, 2006 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Announces Full Year And Fourth Quarter ... Feb 23, 2006 Stones in the kidneys Feb 25, 2006 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals to Announce 2005 Fourth Quarter and Year ... Feb 22, 2006 Craig Lennox Our GP expert will answer your questions every week Feb 7, 2006 Novel drug treatments help against gout and colitis Jan 31, 2006 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Announces Positive Phase I Results From ... Feb 7, 2006 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Announces Positive Phase I Results From ... Feb 7, 2006 Craig Lennox Our GP expert will answer your questions every week Feb 7, 2006 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals to Hold Conference Call to Provide Summary ... Feb 6, 2006 Novel drug treatments help against gout and colitis Jan 31, 2006 Investigative Febuxostat for Gout: Twice as Effective as ... Nov 17, 2005 New gout drug effective Dec 8, 2005 Clinical Trials of New Drug Febuxostat Show Promise in Gout ... Dec 8, 2005 New drugs effective against gout, colitis Dec 8, 2005 Studies: Drugs Help Against Gout, Colitis Dec 10, 2005 Febuxostat Lowers Urate More Than Aloprim Dec 7, 2005 New Hope for Gout Sufferers Nov 13, 2005 Drug Could Help Get Gout Out Nov 16, 2005 How the test is performed: Dec 5, 2005 New Gout Drug Twice as Effective Nov 16, 2005 Cardiome Reports Third Quarter Results Nov 14, 2005 Report urges fixing system to ID the dead in disasters Nov 20, 2005 Rescuing Damaged Nerves Nov 22, 2005 Cardiome Reports Third Quarter Results Nov 14, 2005 New treatment for gout developed Nov 14, 2005 Albumin-bound Paclitaxel, Clofarabine and Erlotinib Expand ... Nov 14, 2005 Large Proportion of Patients on Renagel(R) Receive Calcium ... Nov 21, 2005 Complications of Diabetes Nov 18, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Reports Third Quarter 2005 Results Oct 19, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals to Present at the CE Unterberg, Towbin ... Oct 17, 2005 Diet, medicine help control uric acids, prevent gout Oct 9, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Strengthens Patent Portfolio for Gram ... Oct 11, 2005 Interpharm Announces Revenue and Earnings for the Fiscal Year ... Sep 29, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Strengthens Patent Portfolio for Gram ... 11 Oct 2005 Diet, medicine help control uric acids, prevent gout Oct 9, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals to Announce Third Quarter 2005 Financial ... Sep 26, 2005 Interpharm Announces Revenue and Earnings for the Fiscal Year ... Sep 29, 2005 The future of medicine shaky Sep 21, 2005 Ask The Doctor: Mental well-being is vital for a good night’s ... Sep 20, 2005 What Ails You by Jackie Randa Sep 20, 2005 Cheap branded drugs soon available in Botika ng Bayan Sep 9, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Appoints Vice President of Sales and ... 08 Sep 2005 No gout about it 08 Sep 2005 Cardiome Reports Second Quarter Results Aug 11, 2005 Ask Dr. H | Even with a medication, attacks of gout keep coming ... Aug 22, 2005 Cardiome Reports Second Quarter Results Aug 11, 2005 Gourmet's Notepad Aug 11, 2005 Is heart medication best remedy? Aug 21, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals' New PhosLo Share Program(TM) Expands ... Aug 4, 2005 Empty liquor containers, pills found during arrest of dad in death ... Aug 3, 2005 Father charged with murder for leaving son in SUV Aug 3, 2005 Rare syndrome catches man off-guard Jul 31, 2005 Nabi Biopharmaceuticals Reports Second Quarter 2005 Results Jul 19, 2005 Ask The Doctor: Brittle nail occur due to iron, not calcium ... Jul 26, 2005 Kentucky Racing Official Says State Ignored Drug Results Jul 12, 2005 Other information Indication For the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with primary or secondary gout Pharmacology Allopurinol, a structural analog of the natural purine base hypoxanthine, is used to prevent gout and renal calculi due to either uric acid or calcium oxalate and to treat uric acid nephropathy, hyperuricemia, and some solid tumors. Mechanism Of Action Allopurinol inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of the oxypurines hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Elevated concentrations of oxypurine and oxypurine inhibition of xanthine oxidase through negative feedback results in a decrease in the concentrations of uric acid in the blood and urine. Allopurinol also facilitates the incorporation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into DNA and RNA, resulting in further reductions of serum uric acid concentrations. Drug Category Free Radical Scavengers; Enzyme Inhibitors Antimetabolites; Gout Suppressants; ATC:M04AA01 Brand Names/Synonyms 7HP; AL-100; Adenock; Ailural; Allo-Puren; Allopur; Allopurinol; Allopurinol Sodium; Allopurinolum [Inn-Latin]; Allozym; Allural; Aloprim; Alopurinol [Inn-Spanish]; Aloral; Alositol; Aluline; Anoprolin; Anzief; Apo-Allopurinol; Apulonga; Apurin; Apurol; Atisuril; BW 56158; Bleminol; Bloxanth; Caplenal; Cellidrin; Cosuric; Dabrosin; Dabroson; Dura Al; Embarin; Epidropal; Epuric; Foligan; Geapur; Gichtex; Gotax; HPP; Hamarin; Hexanuret; Ketanrift; Ketobun-A; Ledopur; Lopurin; Lysuron; Milurit; Miniplanor; Monarch; NSC-1390; Nektrohan; Progout; Purinol; Remid; Riball; Sigapurol; Suspendol; Takanarumin; Urbol; Uricemil; Uriprim; Uripurinol; Uritas; Urobenyl; Urolit; Urosin; Urtias; Urtias 100; Xanturat; Zyloprim; Zyloric Dosage Forms 100, 200 and 300mg tablet, injection Absorption approximately 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract Interactions Interactions for Allopurinol: The following drug interactions were observed in some patients undergoing treatment with oral allopurinol. Although the pattern of use for oral allopurinol includes longer term therapy, particularly for gout and renal calculi, the experience gained may be relevant. Mercaptopurine/Azathioprine: Allopurinol inhibits the enzymatic oxidation of mercaptopurine and azathioprine to 6-thiouric acid. This oxidation, which is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase, inactivates mercaptopurine. In patients receiving mercaptopurine (Purinethol) or azathioprine (Imuran), the concomitant administration of 300-600 mg of allopurinol per day will require a reduction in dose to approximately one-third to one-fourth of the usual dose of mercaptopurine or azathioprine. Subsequent adjustment of doses of mercaptopurine or azathioprine should be made on the basis of therapeutic response and the appearance of toxic effects. Dicumarol: It has been reported that allopurinol prolongs the half-life of the anticoagulant, dicumarol. The clinical basis of this drug interaction has not been established but should be noted when allopurinol is given to patients already on dicumarol therapy. Consequently, prothrombin time should be reassessed periodically in patients receiving both drugs. Uricosuric Agents: Since the excretion of oxipurinol is similar to that of urate, uricosuric agents, which increase the excretion of urate, are also likely to increase the excretion of oxipurinol and thus lower the degree of inhibition of xanthine oxidase. The concomitant administration of uricosuric agents and allopurinol has been associated with a decrease in the excretion of oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) and an increase in urinary uric acid excretion compared with that observed with allopurinol alone. Although clinical evidence to date has not demonstrated renal precipitation of oxypurines in patients either on allopurinol alone or in combination with uricosuric agents, the possibility should be kept in mind. Thiazide Diuretics: The reports that the concomitant use of allopurinol and thiazide diuretics may contribute to the enhancement of allopurinol toxicity in some patients have been reviewed in an attempt to establish a cause-and-effect relationship and a mechanism of causation. Review of these case reports indicates that the patients were mainly receiving thiazide diuretics for hypertension and that tests to rule out decreased renal function secondary to hypertensive nephropathy were not often performed. In those patients in whom renal insufficiency was documented, however, the recommendation to lower the dose of allopurinol was not followed. Although a causal mechanism and a cause-and-effect relationship have not been established, current evidence suggests that renal function should be monitored in patients on thiazide diuretics and allopurinol even in the absence of renal failure, and dosage levels should be even more conservatively adjusted in those patients on such combined therapy if diminished renal function is detected.. Ampicillin/Amoxicillin: An increase in the frequency of skin rash has been reported among patients receiving ampicillin or amoxicillin concurrently with allopurinol compared to patients who are not receiving both drugs. The cause of the reported association has not been established. Cytotoxic Agents: Enhanced bone marrow suppression by cyclophosphamide and other cytotoxic agents has been reported among patients with neoplastic disease, except leukemia, in the presence of allopurinol. However, in a well-controlled study of patients with lymphoma on combination therapy, allopurinol did not increase the marrow toxicity of patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, bleomycin, procarbazine and/or mechlorethamine. Chlorpropamide: Chlorpropamide's plasma half-life may be prolonged by allopurinol, since allopurinol and chlorpropamide may compete for excretion in the renal tubule. The risk of hypoglycemia secondary to this mechanism may be increased if allopurinol and chlorpropamide are given concomitantly in the presence of renal insufficiency. Cyclosporin: Reports indicate that cyclosporine levels may be increased during concomitant treatment with allopurinol sodium for injection. Monitoring of cyclosporine levels and possible adjustment of cyclosporine dosage should be considered when these drugs are co-administered. Tolbutamide's conversion to inactive metabolites has been shown to be catalyzed by xanthine oxidase from rat liver. The clinical significance, if any, of these observations is unknown. Chemical IUPAC Name 3,5,7,8-tetrazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,5,9-trien-2-one Chemical Formula C5H4N4O Half Life 1-2 hours Drug Type Approved Drug # Accession No APRD00435 CAS Registry Number 315-30-0 |
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